Cales (River)

Cales or Kales (Ancient Greek:), also Calles or Kalles (Κάλλης), was a river of ancient Bithynia. At its mouth was the town of Cales, located 120 stadia east of Elaeus.^[1]^[2] This seems to be the river which Thucydides calls Calex (Κάληξ), at the mouth of which Lamachus lost his ships, which were anchored there, owing to a sudden rise of the river.^[3] Thucydides places the Calex in the Heracleotis, which agrees very well with the position of the Cales. Lamachus and his troops were compelled to walk along the coast to Chalcedon.^[3] Pliny the Elder mentions a river Alces in Bithynia, which it has been conjectured, may be a corruption of Calex.^[4] It is identified with the modern Alaplı Su in Asiatic Turkey.^[5]

References

↑ Template:Cite ArrianPPE
↑ Marcian of Heraclea, p. 70.
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 Template:Cite Thucydides
↑ Template:Cite Pliny
↑ Richard Talbert, ed (2000). Barrington Atlas of the Greek and Roman World. Princeton University Press. p. 86, and directory notes accompanying..

[ ⚑ ] 41°10′43″N 31°22′55″E / 41.178489°N 31.381992°E / 41.178489; 31.381992

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[1] Template:Cite ArrianPPE

[2] Marcian of Heraclea, p. 70.

[Thucydides-3] 3.0 ^3.1 Template:Cite Thucydides

[4] Template:Cite Pliny

[5] Richard Talbert, ed (2000). Barrington Atlas of the Greek and Roman World. Princeton University Press. p. 86, and directory notes accompanying..