Phorbol Esters

Short description: Group of chemical compounds

Chemical structure of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate, a phorbol ester

Phorbol esters are a class of chemical compounds found in a variety of plants, particularly in the families Euphorbiaceae and Thymelaeaceae.^[1]^[2] Chemically, they are ester derivatives of the tetracyclic diterpenoid phorbol.

Biological activity

Protein kinase C (PKC) is a phorbol ester receptor.^[2]^[3] Phorbol esters can stimulate PKC in a similar way to diglycerides.^[2]^[3]

Phorbol esters are known for their ability to promote tumors.^[2] In particular, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) is used as a biomedical research tool in models of carcinogenesis.^[4]^[5]

Plants that contain phorbol esters are often poisonous.^[5]

References

↑ Goel, G; Makkar, H. P.; Francis, G; Becker, K (2007). "Phorbol esters: Structure, biological activity, and toxicity in animals". International Journal of Toxicology 26 (4): 279–88. doi:10.1080/10915810701464641. PMID 17661218.
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 Evans, Gerald A.; Farrar, William L. (1998-01-01), Delves, Peter J., ed. (in en), Phorbol Esters, Oxford: Elsevier, pp. 1940–1942, doi:10.1006/rwei.1999.0488, ISBN 978-0-12-226765-9, http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B012226765600503X, retrieved 2020-11-26
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 Weimer, R.; Richmond, J. (2015-01-01), "Munc13 and Associated Molecules☆" (in en), Reference Module in Biomedical Sciences (Elsevier), doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-801238-3.04674-2, ISBN 978-0-12-801238-3, http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128012383046742, retrieved 2020-11-26
↑ Emerit, Ingrid; Cerutti, Peter A. (1981). "Tumour promoter phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate induces chromosomal damage via indirect action". Nature 293 (5828): 144–6. doi:10.1038/293144a0. PMID 7266668. Bibcode: 1981Natur.293..144E.
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 Abdel-Fatta Rizk (1990). Poisonous Plant Contamination of Edible Plants. CRC Press. pp. 43–44. ISBN 9780849363696.

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[1] Goel, G; Makkar, H. P.; Francis, G; Becker, K (2007). "Phorbol esters: Structure, biological activity, and toxicity in animals". International Journal of Toxicology 26 (4): 279–88. doi:10.1080/10915810701464641. PMID 17661218.

[:0-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 Evans, Gerald A.; Farrar, William L. (1998-01-01), Delves, Peter J., ed. (in en), Phorbol Esters, Oxford: Elsevier, pp. 1940–1942, doi:10.1006/rwei.1999.0488, ISBN 978-0-12-226765-9, http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B012226765600503X, retrieved 2020-11-26

[:1-3] 3.0 ^3.1 Weimer, R.; Richmond, J. (2015-01-01), "Munc13 and Associated Molecules☆" (in en), Reference Module in Biomedical Sciences (Elsevier), doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-801238-3.04674-2, ISBN 978-0-12-801238-3, http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128012383046742, retrieved 2020-11-26

[4] Emerit, Ingrid; Cerutti, Peter A. (1981). "Tumour promoter phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate induces chromosomal damage via indirect action". Nature 293 (5828): 144–6. doi:10.1038/293144a0. PMID 7266668. Bibcode: 1981Natur.293..144E.

[Rizk-5] 5.0 ^5.1 Abdel-Fatta Rizk (1990). Poisonous Plant Contamination of Edible Plants. CRC Press. pp. 43–44. ISBN 9780849363696.