California 2016 Ballot Propositions

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2016 U.S. State Ballot Measures
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In 2016, eighteen statewide ballot propositions were placed on the ballot in California. One appeared on the June 7, 2016, ballot and was approved. The other 17 propositions were on the November 8, 2016, ballot. Of the 17 propositions, 12 were approved and five were defeated.

Proposition 50 was on the June 7, 2016, ballot and was approved.

Between 1996 and 2016, the average number of propositions that California voters decided each even-numbered year was 18. In previous even-numbered election years, however, the measures were spread out more across different election days throughout the year since citizen initiatives were allowed on primary and special election ballots prior to 2014.

Issues that California electors addressed on the November 8, 2016, ballot included:

Many marijuana legalization initiatives were proposed and circulated in 2016. The Adult Use of Marijuana Act Initiative, now called Proposition 64, emerged early as a clear leader and was the only marijuana-related measure to be certified for the November 2016 ballot.^[1][2]

One additional measure, the California $15 per hour Minimum Wage Initiative, was certified for the November ballot but then was withdrawn by proponents on June 23, 2016, after the California State Legislature passed Senate Bill 3, a bill raising the state's minimum wage to $15 per hour by 2022.

On the ballot[edit]

June 7:

Type	Title	Subject	Description	Result
LRCA	Proposition 50	Legislature	Require a two-thirds majority to suspend a state legislator	a

November 8:

Type	Title	Subject	Description	Result
CISS	Proposition 51	Education	$9 billion in bonds for education and schools	a
CICA/SS	Proposition 52	Healthcare	Voter approval of changes to the hospital fee program	a
CICA	Proposition 53	Elections/Bonds	Projects that cost more than $2 billion	d
CICA/SS	Proposition 54	Accountability	Conditions under which legislative bills can be passed	a
CICA	Proposition 55	Taxes	Extension of personal income tax on incomes over $250,000	a
CICA	Proposition 56	Tobacco	Increase the cigarette tax by $2.00 per pack	a
CICA/SS	Proposition 57	Trials	Felons convicted of non-violent crimes and juvenile trials	a
LRSS	Proposition 58	Education	Bilingual education in public schools	a
AQ	Proposition 59	Campaign finance	State's position on Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission	a
CISS	Proposition 60	Movies	Require the use of condoms in pornographic films	d
CISS	Proposition 61	Healthcare	Prescription drug price regulations	d
CISS	Proposition 62	Death penalty	Repeal the death penalty	d
CISS	Proposition 63	Firearms	Background checks for ammunition purchases	a
CISS	Proposition 64	Marijuana	Legalization of marijuana and hemp	a
CISS	Proposition 65	Environment	Grocery and retail carry-out bags	d
CISS	Proposition 66	Death penalty	Death penalty procedures	a
VR	Proposition 67	Business reg	Prohibition on plastic single-use carryout bags	a

Withdrawn[edit]

See also: List of California ballot initiatives that were withdrawn after signature verification

The campaigns behind the following ballot initiatives collected enough signatures for their measures to appear on the ballot. However, the initiatives were withdrawn.

Type	Title	Subject	Description	Result
CISS	$15 Minimum Wage Initiative	Minimum Wage	Increase the minimum wage to $15 an hour

Summary of campaign spending[edit]

As of February 1, 2017, support and opposition campaigns amassed $497,026,060.19 in contributions. The Los Angeles Times estimated that, between funding signature gathering efforts and campaigning, more than $452 million would be spent directly on ballot measures in California in 2016.^[3]

The campaigns surrounding Proposition 61, an initiative designed to regulate drug prices, had more funding that those surrounding any other ballot proposition. Together, the Proposition 61 campaigns received $128,276,770.21. Opponents outraised supporters six-to-one.

A combined total of $106,506,110.21 was raised in support of or opposition to Proposition 56, an initiative increasing the tobacco tax.

Campaigns involved in Proposition 52 received the third largest amount of funding, at a combined total of $71,845,772.99.

The following chart illustrates how much support and opposition committees amassed in campaign contributions for each measure:

Note: In some cases committees are registered to support or oppose multiple propositions. Ballotpedia lists the total sum committees registered to support or oppose each propositions has received in contributions. This means that the sum of all contributions in the chart below is likely higher than the total amount contributed. For example, the same committee is registered to both support Proposition 66 and oppose Proposition 62, causing some donations to that committee to be duplicated in the chart below. However, the sum contributed discussed in the above text has removed these funds, which amounted to $45,819,887.69. In other words, these donations are not duplicated in the text above.

Ballot Measure:	Support contributions:	Opposition contributions:	Outcome:
California Proposition 58, Non-English Languages Allowed in Public Education (2016)	$	$	a
California Proposition 64, Marijuana Legalization (2016)	$	$	a
California Proposition 56, Tobacco Tax Increase (2016)	$	$	a
California Proposition 65, Dedication of Revenue from Disposable Bag Sales to Wildlife Conservation Fund (2016)	$	$	d
California Proposition 57, Parole for Non-Violent Criminals and Juvenile Court Trial Requirements (2016)	$	$	a
California Proposition 62, Abolition of Death Penalty Measure (2016)	$	$	d
California Proposition 66, Death Penalty Procedures Measure (2016)	$	$	a
California Proposition 63, Background Checks for Ammunition Purchases and Large-Capacity Ammunition Magazine Ban (2016)	$	$	a
California Proposition 59, Overturn of Citizens United Act Advisory Question (2016)	$	$	a

Cost per required signature[edit]

See also: Ballot measure signature costs, 2016 and California ballot initiative petition signature costs

Over $44 million was spent by ballot measure campaigns to get the 15 initiatives and referenda on the 2016 ballot. This amount is much more than was spent in the last decade, likely due in part to the number of measures on the ballot. In 2014, $6 million was spent. In 2012, $28 million was expended.

The cost per required signature (CPRS) is a comparison of the amount of money spent on the petition drive to the number of signatures the state requires for an initiative to make the ballot. Of the 2016 measures, the CPRS was the highest for Proposition 54, with proponents spending $11.31 per required signature. Proposition 52 had the lowest CPRS in California at $2.72 per required signature. The average CPRS of all initiatives and referenda on the ballot was $6.20.

Newspaper endorsements[edit]

See also: 2016 ballot measure media endorsements

The tables below record the endorsements of ballot propositions on the November 8, 2016, ballot by major California newspapers.

Newspaper	Proposition 51	Proposition 52	Proposition 53	Proposition 54	Proposition 55	Proposition 56	Proposition 57	Proposition 58	Proposition 59
The Bakersfield Californian
Chico Enterprise-Press
The Desert Sun
East Bay Express
East Bay Times
The Fresno Bee
Hanford Sentinel
Los Angeles Times
Marin Independent Journal
The Mercury News
The Modesto Bee
Monterey Herald and Santa Cruz Sentinel
The Press-Democrat
The Record
The Sacramento Bee
San Diego Free Press
San Diego Union-Tribune
San Francisco Bay Guardian
San Francisco Chronicle
San Francisco Examiner
San Mateo Daily Journal
Southern California News Group (DB, LADN, OCR, PE, SGVT)
Ventura County Star									Don't Vote

Newspaper	Proposition 60	Proposition 61	Proposition 62	Proposition 63	Proposition 64	Proposition 65	Proposition 66	Proposition 67
The Bakersfield Californian
Chico Enterprise-Press
The Desert Sun
East Bay Express
East Bay Times
The Fresno Bee
Hanford Sentinel
Los Angeles Times
Marin Independent Journal
The Mercury News
The Modesto Bee
Monterey Herald and Santa Cruz Sentinel
The Press-Democrat
The Record
The Sacramento Bee
San Diego Free Press
San Diego Union-Tribune
San Francisco Bay Guardian
San Francisco Chronicle
San Francisco Examiner
San Mateo Daily Journal
Southern California News Group (DB, LADN, OCR, PE, SGVT)
Ventura County Star

Historical facts[edit]

See also: History of Initiative and Referendum in California and List of California ballot propositions

• Before 1960, citizen-initiated measures appeared only on general election ballots; from 1960 through 2011, California ballot measures appeared on primary, general, and special election ballots and were voted on in both even and odd-numbered years.
• In 2011, the California legislature approved a law requiring all citizen initiatives to go before voters at general elections in Novembers of even-numbered years.
• Between 1996 and 2016, Californians voted on 213 measures. Two measures that were originally approved in 2008 and 2012 were eventually overturned.
• The average number of measures on the ballot in even-numbered years between 1996 and 2016 was 18.
• From 1996 to 2016, the average number of measures on the ballot in odd-numbered years was about six. The last ballot measure before 2016 to appear during an odd-numbered year was on the ballot in 2009.
• Of the 215 measures voted on from 1996 through 2016, 54.9 percent were approved and 45.1 percent were defeated.

How measures get on the ballot[edit]

Citizen initiatives and veto referendums[edit]

California also allows measures to be placed on the ballot through citizen-led signature petitions, through which initiated constitutional amendments, initiated state statutes, and veto referendums can be put on the ballot.

To qualify an initiative for the election ballot in November 2016, petitioners needed to submit signatures early enough to allow for verification before a deadline on July 8, 2016. The California secretary of state recommended submitting signatures by the end of April 2016 to ensure signature validation was completed before this deadline.

Supporters of citizen initiatives are given a maximum of 180 days to circulate petitions and collect signatures, starting from when the California attorney general completes a review of their initiative wording, provides them a ballot title and allows for a 30-day citizen review and input period. Regardless of when the circulation period starts, however, the initiative measure must qualify at least 131 days before the next statewide election at which it is to be submitted to the voters, according to Article II, Section 8 of the California Constitution.^[4]

In California, the number of signatures needed to qualify a measure for the ballot is based on the total number of votes cast for the office of governor. For initiated constitutional amendments, petitioners must collect signatures equal to 8 percent of the most recent gubernatorial vote. To place a statute or veto referendum on the ballot, signatures equal to 5 percent of this vote are required. In 2016, this meant that initiated constitutional amendments needed 585,407 signatures and statutes and veto referendums needed 365,880 signatures.

Low voter turnout in 2014 resulted in the lowest initiative signature requirements the state has seen since 1982. With the lower signature requirements came a jump in the number of citizen initiatives filed with the state and an increase in the number that reached the ballot as compared to the average over the last eight years. Fourteen of the 17 measures on the ballot in November 2016 were citizen initiatives. Voters decided three initiatives in 2014, 12 in 2012, and 11 in 2010. There were 15 citizens initiatives on the ballot in 2008, which was the last year before 2016 that this number was higher than 14.

Legislative referrals[edit]

The California Legislature was projected to be in session from January 4, 2016, through August 31, 2016. In California, the legislature has the power to refer both constitutional amendments and state statutes, including bond issues, to the ballot. Legislatively-referred measures must be approved by two-thirds of the membership of each house of the legislature to make it on the ballot, where they then must be approved by the majority of voters to go into effect. The deadline for putting measures on the November 2016 ballot was on June 30, 2016, which means any legislative referrals approved after that date would go on the ballot in 2018.

The November 2016 ballot in California was finalized for 2016 regarding ballot measures in July 2016. No more new ballot measures could be added to the ballot. To see information about measures for the 2018 ballot, click here.

Not on the ballot[edit]

See also: Proposed ballot measures that were not on a ballot

Initiatives[edit]

Over 100 initiatives were filed with the California attorney general in time to potentially qualify to be on the ballot in 2016. Fourteen of them were certified for the ballot and appeared before voters on November 8, 2016.

The chart below lists measures that had the potential to be certified for the 2016 ballot but were not put on the ballot in 2016. The list is comprehensive regarding citizen initiatives, but it only lists a selection of proposed legislative referrals. Note that initiative sponsors sometimes file multiple versions of what is essentially the same ballot initiative with the Attorney General of California. Each version is given its own summary date and circulation date. This means that while the circulation deadline may come and go on one version of the initiative without signatures being filed, the initiative itself may still be alive, if its sponsors are pinning their hopes on a later version of the initiative with a deadline further in the future.

The sign indicates that the measure did not qualify for the 2016 ballot, but it may qualify for the 2018 ballot. The symbol indicates that the initiatives specific signatures deadline has passed and that the initiative petition has expired and can no longer qualify for a future election ballot.

Type	Identifying #	Description	Result
CISS	15-0085A1	Marijuana Control, Legalization and Revenue Initiative - Version 3
LBM	"Safe Neighborhood Parks, Rivers, and Coastal Protection" Bonds	Bonds
LRCA	People’s Government Amendment	Con Language
LRCA	Age to Vote in Primary Amendment	Suffrage
LRCA	Public Bills Amendment	Gov't Acc
LRCA	Legislative Control over University of California Amendment	Education
CISS	15-0086A1	Marijuana Control, Legalization and Revenue Initiative - Version 4
CISS	15-0087	Marijuana Control, Legalization and Revenue Initiative - Version 5
CISS	15-0088A1	Water Supply Reliability and Drought Protection Initiative - Version 1
CISS	15-0089A1	Water Supply Reliability and Drought Protection Initiative - Version 2
CISS	15-0090A1	Water Supply Reliability and Drought Protection Initiative - Version 3
CISS	15-0091A1	Water Supply Reliability and Drought Protection Initiative - Version 4
CISS	15-0092A1	Water Supply Reliability and Drought Protection Initiative - Version 5
CISS	15-0093A1	Water Supply Reliability and Drought Protection Initiative - Version 6
CISS	15-0094A1	Water Supply Reliability and Drought Protection Initiative - Version 7
CISS	15-0095A1	Water Supply Reliability and Drought Protection Initiative - Version 8
CISS	15-0097	Donor Disclosure Initiative
CISS	15-0099A1	California “Davis-Oliver and Kate’s Law,” Immigration Law Procedure Initiative
CISS	15-0104A1	Cannabis Control and Taxation Initiative
CICA	15-0106	Political Advertisement Sales Tax Initiative
CICA/SS	15-0107A1	Reallocation of Bond Authority to Water Storage Initiative
CISS	15-0108A1	Online Voting System Initiative
CISS	15-0109A1	High-Speed Rail Bond Suspension Initiative
CISS	15-0110A1	Disability Access Litigation Initiative
CICA	15-0112	Secret Ballot Voting in State Legislature Initiative
CICA	15-0113	Disability Access Violations Initiative
CISS	15-0114A1	Elimination of all charter schools initiative
CICA	15-0116A1	Alternative local funding for water, sewer and flood control services initiative
CISS	15-0117A1	Electronic submission of "mail-in ballots" initiative (version 1)
CISS	15-0118A1	Electronic submission of "mail-in ballots" initiative (version 2)
CISS	15-0119	Marijuana Control, Legalization and Revenue Initiative - Version 6
CISS	15-0120	Marijuana Control, Legalization and Revenue Initiative - Version 7
CICA/SS	15-0122	Removal of all partisan information from state ballots
CISS	15-0123	Healthcare Decision-Making Privacy Rights
CISS	15-0124	Additional oversight for jurisdictions designated as "over-policed"
CICA	15-0125A1	California State Legislator Ethics Rules Modification Initiative
CISS	16-0001A1	California "Clean Environment" Initiative
CISS	16-0002	Electronic Signature Gathering Initiative
CISS	15-0111	Hospital Executive Compensation Limit Initiative
CISS	15-0084A1	California Three Strikes Sentencing Definition Initiative
CICA	15-0082A2	California Sports Market Trade Regulation Amendment
CISS	15-0032	"Fair Wage Act of 2016" $15 Minimum Wage Initiative
CICA	15-0076A1	Voter Empowerment Amendment
CICA	15-0077A1	Government Pension Cap Amendment
CISS	15-0078A1	Local Control and Accountability in Education Initiative
CISS	15-0079A1	"Effective Teacher" Waiting Period Extension Initiative
CISS	15-0075A1	Control, Regulate and Tax Cannabis Initiative
CICA	15-0072	"Definition of a Person" Amendment
CISS	15-0073	Holocaust Denial Speech Restrictions Initiative
CICA	15-0068	Voters' Right to Know Act
CISS	15-0069	"Safe and Drug-Free Community" Initiative
CICA	15-0070	Invest in California's Children Initiative
CISS	15-0064	Public Assistance Benefits Eligibility Initiative
CISS	15-0058	Marijuana Legalization with Local Regulation Initiative - Version 1
CISS	15-0059	Childhood Sexual Abuse Initiative
CISS	15-0060	Marijuana Legalization with Local Regulation Initiative - Version 2
CICA	15-0061	Political Advertisement Sales Tax Initiative
CISS	15-0057	Campaign Public Funding Ban Repeal
CISS	15-0050	Marijuana and Hemp Legalization Initiative
CISS	15-0049	Recreational and Medical Marijuana Legalization Initiative
CISS	15-0052	Marijuana Legalization Commission Initiative
CICA	15-0053	Nonpartisan Ballots Initiative
CISS	15-0054	Lower Drinking Age to 18 Initiative
CISS	15-0055	Nuclear Power Initiative
CISS	15-0056	Publicly-owned Electric Utilities Initiative
CISS	15-0051	Federal Campaign Advertisements Certification Initiative
CICA	15-0047	Abortion Access Restriction Initiative
CISS	15-0048	"Three Strikes" Initiative
CISS	15-0105A1	Raise the Wage and Paid Sick Days Initiative
CISS	15-0037	"Sovereignty Referendum" Initiative
CISS	15-0038	Regulate, Control and Tax Cannabis Initiative
CISS	15-0039	Marijuana Control, Legalization and Revenue Initiative - Version 2
CICA	15-0040	Unemancipated Minor Abortion Access Initiative
CICA	15-0041	Right to Medical Marijuana Initiative
CISS	15-0042	"Preservation and Modernization of California Direct Democracy" Initiative
CISS	15-0043	"Lifting Children and Families Out of Poverty Act" Initiative
CISS	15-0044	"Compassionate and Sensible Access of Marijuana" Initiative
CICA	15-0045	Legislature Expansion Initiative
CISS	15-0046	Chief of Protocol for California's International Relations Act
CISS	15-0036	"Safe Communities and Parks" Marijuana Legalization Initiative
CISS	N/A	"Federal Government Censure" Initiative
CICA/CISS	13-0063	"Six Californias"
CICA	14-0009	Public Vote on Bonds
CICA	14-0010	Resident Deportation Ban Initiative
CICA	14-0012	"Innocent Human Life" Initiative
CICA	14-0013	"Secret Abortions" Initiative - Version 1
CICA	14-0014	"Secret Abortions" Initiative - Version 2
CISS	15-0001	Nuclear Waste Regulation Initiative
CISS	15-0002	Electric Utility District Initiative
CISS	15-0006	"Devolution" Panel Initiative
CISS	15-0007	Spousal Support Awards Initiative
CISS	15-0008	“Sodomite Suppression” Initiative
CISS	15-0010	California “Reasonable Force” Specification Initiative
CISS	15-0011	National Flag Initiative
CISS	15-0012	Out-of-State Political Contributions Initiative
CICA	15-0013	Governor to President Initiative
CISS	15-0014	"Intolerant Jackass" Initiative
CICA	15-0015	Neighborhood Legislature Initiative
CISS	15-0016	“Shellfish Suppression” Initiative
CISS	15-0017	Craft Cannabis Initiative
CICA	15-0018	Medical Marijuana Access Initiative
CISS	15-0019	"Personal Privacy Protection" Initiative
CISS	15-0020	Marijuana Control, Legalization and Revenue Initiative - Version 1
CISS	15-0021	Bottled Water Taxes and Drought Label Initiative
CISS	15-0022	Citizens Services Agency Initiative
CISS	15-0023	Religious Institutions and Crime Initiative
CISS	15-0024	"Responsible Use Act" Initiative
CISS	15-0025	Parental Notification of Abortion Initiative
CISS	15-0027	Cannabis Legalization Initiative
CISS	15-0028	Homeowners and Renters Tax Relief Initiative
CISS	15-0029	Tobacco Tax Initiative - Version 1
CISS	15-0030	Tobacco Tax Initiative - Version 2
CISS	15-0031	University Lecturer Compensation Calculation Initiative
CICA	15-0033	Public Vote on Pensions Initiative
CISS	15-0034	Ferret Legalization Initiative
VR	15-0035	Mandatory Schoolchildren Vaccination Referendum
CICA	15-0062	Abortion Restriction and Parental Notification Initiative - Version 1
CICA	15-0063	Abortion Restriction and Parental Notification Initiative - Version 2
CICA	15-0065	Tax Extension to Fund Education Initiative
VR	15-0080	Reverendum to overturn assisted death law
CISS	15-0100	Charitable Hospital Executive Compensation Initiative
CISS	15-0101	"Fair Healthcare Pricing" Initiative
CISS	15-0102	Charity Care Initiative

Below is some general information about the citizen initiative process in California.

Cost of processing[edit]

It costs the Attorney General of California about $5,000 per filed initiative to implement the required process of issuing a ballot title and summary. The fee to file an initiative was increased to $2,000 in early September 2015—a tenfold increase from the original price of $200 that was in place since 1943.^[5]

Submitted to Attorney General[edit]

When an initiative proponent has prepared the text of a ballot initiative they hope to qualify for the ballot, they must submit this text to the "Initiative Coordinator" at the Office of the Attorney General of California with an accompanying letter requesting that the attorney general's office prepare a ballot title and summary of the proposal.

Once the attorney general's office has prepared that title and summary, they send a copy of it to the initiative's sponsor and to the California secretary of state's office. Each initiative is given a "summary date." This date is determined by the attorney general's office and is the date that they provide the summary to the sponsor. Each initiative then has a circulation deadline that is 180 days after its summary date, while proposed veto referendums have a circulation deadline that is 90 days after the legislation targeted by the referendum was signed by the Governor of California.

Cleared for circulation[edit]

Once the Office of the Attorney General of California has prepared a ballot title and a summary of a proposed initiative, the initiative is considered to be "cleared for circulation." Its supporters then have 180 days from the date that the title and summary were prepared to collect and submit to election officials the required signatures. Many times, initiative sponsors submit more than one version of a proposed initiative to the attorney general's office. When this happens, a circulation deadline for an earlier version may elapse with no signatures having been submitted, but the general idea of that initiative is still in play because its sponsors have instead set their sights on circulating a version filed later on that has, or will have, a later circulation deadline.

See also: Signature requirements for ballot measures in California

The signature deadlines for the approved-for-circulation initiatives are based on when the Attorney General of California provided a ballot title and summary for the proposal. Although each initiative has it's own signature deadline, to qualify for the November 2016 election ballot, specifically, the California secretary of state recommended submitting signatures by late April 2016. If a sufficient signature petition is submitted before an individual initiative deadline but too late to qualify for the 2016 ballot, the initiative would be put on the 2018 ballot.

State profile[edit]

Presidential voting pattern[edit]

See also: Presidential voting trends in California

California voted for the Democratic candidate in all seven presidential elections between 2000 and 2024.

More California coverage on Ballotpedia

• Elections in California
• United States congressional delegations from California
• Public policy in California
• Endorsers in California
• California fact checks
• More...

Recent news[edit]

The link below is to the most recent stories in a Google news search for the terms California 2016 ballot propositions. These results are automatically generated from Google. Ballotpedia does not curate or endorse these articles.

External links[edit]

Basic information[edit]

• California Secretary of State Ballot Measures
• California Secretary of State Ballot Initiatives

Other resources[edit]

• Upvote California Podcasts on Ballot Measures

See also[edit]

Suggest a link

• 2016 ballot measures
• List of California ballot propositions
• Laws governing ballot measures in California
• Campaign finance requirements for California ballot measures

Additional reading[edit]

• Capitol Weekly, "2016 ballot a fight over everything," June 22, 2015
• Los Angeles Daily News, "Expect a ballot initiative carnival in 2016: Thomas Elias," February 16, 2015
• The Sacramento Bee, "Jerry Brown has nearly $24 million for future ballot campaigns," January 29, 2015
• Fox & Hounds, "Top 10 Measures Likely to Appear on November 2016 California Ballot," December 15, 2014
• San Francisco Chronicle, "2016 election poised for initiative avalanche," December 11, 2014

Footnotes[edit]

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