Suncup (Snow)

Short description: Bowl-shaped open depressions into a snow surface

Suncups on a snow patch near Gibby Beam, UK.

Suncups are bowl-shaped open depressions into a snow surface, normally wider than they are deep. They form closely packed, honeycomb, often hexagonal patterns with sharp narrow ridges separating smoothly concave hollows. For a given set of suncups, the hollows are normally all around the same size, meaning that the pattern is quasi-periodic on 20–80 cm scales.^[1]^[2] The depressions are typically 2–50 cm deep.^[3]

Suncups form during the ablation (melting away) of snowy surfaces. It is thought they can form in a number of different ways. These include melting of clean snow by incident solar radiation in bright sunny conditions,^[3] but also during melting away of dirty snow under windy or overcast conditions, during which particles in the snow accumulate on the crests between hollows, insulating them.^[4]

References

↑ Post, Austin; LaChapelle, E. R. (1971). Glacier ice. Seattle and London: University of Washington Press. ISBN 978-0-8020-1813-7. OCLC 207844.
↑ Herzfeld, Ute C.; Mayer, Helmut; Caine, Nel; Losleben, Mark; Erbrecht, Tim (2003). "Morphogenesis of typical winter and summer snow surface patterns in a continental alpine environment". Hydrological Processes (Wiley) 17 (3): 619–649. doi:10.1002/hyp.1158. ISSN 0885-6087. Bibcode: 2003HyPr...17..619H.
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 Rhodes, Jonathon J.; Armstrong, Richard L.; Warren, Stephen G. (1987). "Mode of Formation of "Ablation Hollows" Controlled by Dirt Content of Snow". Journal of Glaciology (Cambridge University Press (CUP)) 33 (114): 135–139. doi:10.3189/s0022143000008601. ISSN 0022-1430.
↑ Betterton, M. D. (2001-04-26). "Theory of structure formation in snowfields motivated by penitentes, suncups, and dirt cones". Physical Review E (American Physical Society (APS)) 63 (5): 056129. doi:10.1103/physreve.63.056129. ISSN 1063-651X. PMID 11414983. Bibcode: 2001PhRvE..63e6129B.

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[PostLaChapelle-1] Post, Austin; LaChapelle, E. R. (1971). Glacier ice. Seattle and London: University of Washington Press. ISBN 978-0-8020-1813-7. OCLC 207844.

[Herzfeld-2] Herzfeld, Ute C.; Mayer, Helmut; Caine, Nel; Losleben, Mark; Erbrecht, Tim (2003). "Morphogenesis of typical winter and summer snow surface patterns in a continental alpine environment". Hydrological Processes (Wiley) 17 (3): 619–649. doi:10.1002/hyp.1158. ISSN 0885-6087. Bibcode: 2003HyPr...17..619H.

[Rhodes-3] 3.0 ^3.1 Rhodes, Jonathon J.; Armstrong, Richard L.; Warren, Stephen G. (1987). "Mode of Formation of "Ablation Hollows" Controlled by Dirt Content of Snow". Journal of Glaciology (Cambridge University Press (CUP)) 33 (114): 135–139. doi:10.3189/s0022143000008601. ISSN 0022-1430.

[Betterton-4] Betterton, M. D. (2001-04-26). "Theory of structure formation in snowfields motivated by penitentes, suncups, and dirt cones". Physical Review E (American Physical Society (APS)) 63 (5): 056129. doi:10.1103/physreve.63.056129. ISSN 1063-651X. PMID 11414983. Bibcode: 2001PhRvE..63e6129B.

Suncup (Snow)

See also

References