From Ballotpedia 
Elections in Iowa, 2018
| 2018 Iowa House elections | |
|---|---|
| General | November 6, 2018 |
| Primary | June 5, 2018 |
| Past election results | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2016・2014・2012・2010・2008 2006・2004・2002・2000 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2018 elections | |
|---|---|
| Choose a chamber below: | |
Republicans maintained their majority in the 2018 elections for the Iowa House of Representatives despite losing seats, winning 54 seats to Democrats' 46. All 100 House seats were up for election. At the time of the election, Republicans held 58 seats to Democrats' 41, with one vacancy.
Ballotpedia identified 15 of the races as battlegrounds, including nine Republican-held districts and six Democratic-held districts. Of the 15 battleground seats, Republicans won seven, including two in Democratic-held districts, and Democrats won eight battleground races, including four in Republican-held districts.
Heading into the election, Iowa had been a Republican trifecta since 2016 when Republicans took control of the Iowa State Senate. Republicans took control of the state House and the governorship in the 2010 elections. The last Democratic trifecta in Iowa formed after the 2006 elections and lasted until 2010. Had the Democratic Party taken the chamber, it would have broken the Republican trifecta.
The Iowa House of Representatives was one of 87 state legislative chambers holding elections in 2018. There are 99 chambers throughout the country. The Iowa House of Representatives was one of 22 state legislative battleground chambers identified by Ballotpedia in the 2018 elections. Read more below.
Iowa state representatives serve two-year terms, with all seats up for election every two years.
For more information about the Democratic primaries, click here.
For more information about the Republican primaries, click here.
The Republican Party maintained control of both chambers of the Iowa General Assembly in the 2018 election. In the state Senate, 25 of 50 total seats were up for election. Republicans increased their majority in the Iowa State Senate from 29-20 to 32-18. One Democratic incumbent and one Republican incumbent were defeated in the general election.
The Iowa House of Representatives was identified as a battleground chamber. All 100 seats were up for election. The Republican majority in the Iowa House of Representatives was reduced from 58-41 to 54-46. Five incumbents were defeated in the general election; one Democrat and four Republicans.
On November 6, 2018, 87 of the nation's 99 state legislative chambers held regularly scheduled elections for 6,073 of 7,383 total seats, meaning that nearly 82 percent of all state legislative seats were up for election.
Want more information?
Use the interactive map below to find your district.
Iowa House of Representatives General Election 2018 |
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| Office | Other | ||
| District 1 |
Karen Larson |
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| District 2 |
Ryan Odor |
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| District 3 |
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| District 4 |
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| District 5 |
Andrew Emanuel |
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| District 6 |
Rita DeJong |
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| District 7 |
Debra Jensen |
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| District 8 |
Connie Price |
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| District 9 |
Megan Srinivas |
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| District 10 |
Jake Thompson |
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| District 11 |
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| District 12 |
Peter Leo |
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| District 13 |
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| District 14 |
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Robert Henderson |
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| District 15 |
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LeAnn Hughes |
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| District 16 |
Steve Gorman |
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Steve Sechrest (Libertarian Party) |
| District 17 |
Jan Creasman |
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| District 18 |
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| District 19 |
Gregg Gustafson |
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Richard Dedor (Independent) |
| District 20 |
Warren Varley |
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| District 21 |
Denise O'Brien |
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| District 22 |
Ray Stevens |
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| District 23 |
Chuck Larson |
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| District 24 |
James Uhlenkamp |
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| District 25 |
Ryan Marquardt |
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| District 26 |
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Rebel Snodgrass |
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| District 27 |
Richard Foster |
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| District 28 |
Ann Fields |
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| District 29 |
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Ann Howell |
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| District 30 |
Kent Balduchi |
Did not make the ballot: |
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| District 31 |
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| District 32 |
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William Charlier |
ToyA S. Johnson (Libertarian Party) |
| District 33 |
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Gregory Malone |
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| District 34 |
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Jerry Cheevers |
Marrianna Collins (Libertarian Party) |
| District 35 |
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John Callahan (Libertarian Party) |
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| District 36 |
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Joseph Howe (Libertarian Party) |
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| District 37 |
Andrew Rasmussen |
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| District 38 |
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Kevin Koester (i) |
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| District 39 |
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Jake Highfill (i) |
Anthony Junk (Libertarian Party) |
| District 40 |
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| District 41 |
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Claudia Addy (Independent) |
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| District 42 |
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Peter Cownie (i) |
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| District 43 |
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Michael Boal |
Chad Brewbaker (Libertarian Party) |
| District 44 |
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Anna Bergman |
Gabriel Thomson (Libertarian Party) |
| District 45 |
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Ben Brown |
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| District 46 |
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| District 47 |
David Weaver |
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Patrick Shaw (Libertarian Party) |
| District 48 |
Tim Winter |
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| District 49 |
Brenda Brink |
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John Evans (Libertarian Party) |
| District 50 |
Dennis Evans |
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| District 51 |
Tim Knutson |
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| District 52 |
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| District 53 |
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| District 54 |
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| District 55 |
Kayla Koether |
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| District 56 |
Lori Egan |
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| District 57 |
Nancy Fett |
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Lucas Link (Libertarian Party) |
| District 58 |
Joe Oclon |
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| District 59 |
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| District 60 |
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Walt Rogers (i) |
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| District 61 |
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| District 62 |
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| District 63 |
Eric Stromberg |
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| District 64 |
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| District 65 |
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George Olmsted |
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| District 66 |
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Teresa Daubitz |
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| District 67 |
Eric Gjerde |
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| District 68 |
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Randy Ray |
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| District 69 |
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Joshua Henderson (Independent) |
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| District 70 |
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Myra Matejka (Libertarian Party) |
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| District 71 |
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James Perez |
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| District 72 |
Mindy Benson |
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| District 73 |
Jodi Clemens |
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| District 74 |
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| District 75 |
Paula Denison |
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John George (Libertarian Party) |
| District 76 |
Ann Egley |
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| District 77 |
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| District 78 |
Kimberly Davis |
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| District 79 |
Samantha Keith |
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Nicholas Ryan (Libertarian Party) |
| District 80 |
Susan McDanel |
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| District 81 |
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Cherielynn Westrich |
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| District 82 |
Phil Miller (i) |
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| District 83 |
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Jeffrey Reichman |
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| District 84 |
Jason Moats |
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| District 85 |
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| District 86 |
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| District 87 |
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Tim Goodwin |
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| District 88 |
Lanny Hillyard |
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Corey Gingerich (Independent) |
| District 89 |
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| District 90 |
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| District 91 |
Laura Liegois |
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| District 92 |
Jean Simpson |
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| District 93 |
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| District 94 |
Joan Marttila |
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| District 95 |
Christian Andrews |
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| District 96 |
Reenie Montgomery |
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| District 97 |
Tim McClimon |
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David Melchert, Jr. (Libertarian Party) |
| District 98 |
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Did not make the ballot: |
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| District 99 |
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Pauline Chilton |
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| District 100 |
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Hank Linden |
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| Iowa House of Representatives primary candidates | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| District | Democrat |
Republican |
Other |
| 1 | Karen Larson |
John H. Wills (I) |
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| 2 | Ryan Odor |
Megan Jones (I) |
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| 3 | No candidate | Daniel Huseman (I) |
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| 4 | No candidate | Skyler Wheeler (I) |
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| 5 | Andrew Emanuel |
Thomas Jeneary Joseph Small |
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| 6 | Rita DeJong |
Jacob Bossman (I) |
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| 7 | Debra Jensen |
Tedd Gassman (I) |
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| 8 | Connie Price |
Terry Baxter (I) |
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| 9 | Megan Srinivas |
Ann Meyer Gary Waechter |
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| 10 | Jake Thompson |
Mike Sexton (I) Tom Hoefling |
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| 11 | No candidate | Gary Worthan (I) |
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| 12 | Peter Leo |
Brian Best (I) |
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| 13 | Chris Hall (I) |
No candidate | |
| 14 | Timothy Kacena (I) |
Robert Henderson |
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| 15 | Charlie McConkey (I) |
Sarah Abdouch LeAnn Hughes Mark Hunter |
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| 16 | Steve Gorman |
Mary Ann Hanusa (I) |
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| 17 | Jan Creasman |
Matt Windschitl (I) |
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| 18 | No candidate | Steven Holt (I) |
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| 19 | Gregg Gustafson |
Chris Hagenow |
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| 20 | Warren Varley |
Dodge Perrigo Ray Sorensen |
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| 21 | Denise O'Brien |
Tom Moore (I) |
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| 22 | Ray Stevens |
Jon Jacobsen (I) |
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| 23 | Chuck Larson |
David Sieck (I) Tony Wernicke |
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| 24 | James Uhlenkamp |
Cecil Dolecheck (I) |
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| 25 | Ryan Marquardt |
Stan Gustafson (I) |
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| 26 | Scott Ourth (I) |
Jeffrey Janssen Rebel Snodgrass |
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| 27 | Richard Foster |
Joel Fry (I) |
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| 28 | Ann Fields Zachary Pendroy |
Jon Thorup Jon Michael Van Wyk |
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| 29 | Wesley Breckenridge (I) |
Ann Howell |
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| 30 | Kent Balduchi Dan Nieland |
Zach Nunn (I) |
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| 31 | Rick Olson (I) Tiffany Allison Heather Ryan |
No candidate | |
| 32 | Ruth Ann Gaines (I) |
William Charlier |
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| 33 | Brian Meyer (I) |
No candidate | |
| 34 | Bruce Hunter (I) |
No candidate | Marrianna Collins |
| 35 | Ako Abdul-Samad (I) |
No candidate | |
| 36 | Marti Anderson (I) |
No candidate | |
| 37 | Andrew Rasmussen |
John Landon (I) |
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| 38 | Heather Matson Reyma McCoy McDeid |
Kevin Koester (I) |
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| 39 | Karin Derry |
Jake Highfill (I) |
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| 40 | John Forbes (I) |
No candidate | |
| 41 | Jo Oldson (I) |
No candidate | |
| 42 | Kristin Sunde |
Peter Cownie (I) |
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| 43 | Jennifer Konfrst |
Michael Boal |
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| 44 | Kenan Judge |
Anna Bergman Travis Grassel |
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| 45 | Beth Wessel-Kroeschell (I) |
Ben Brown |
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| 46 | Lisa Heddens (I) |
No candidate | |
| 47 | David Weaver |
Donald Batt Victoria Sinclair Phil Thompson |
Patrick Shaw |
| 48 | Tim Winter |
Robert Bacon (I) |
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| 49 | Brenda Brink |
Dave Deyoe (I) |
John Evans |
| 50 | Dennis Evans |
Pat Grassley (I) |
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| 51 | Tim Knutson |
Jane Bloomingdale (I) |
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| 52 | Todd Prichard (I) |
No candidate | |
| 53 | Sharon Steckman (I) |
No candidate | |
| 54 | No candidate | Linda Upmeyer (I) |
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| 55 | Kayla Koether |
Michael Bergan (I) |
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| 56 | Lori Egan Andy Kelleher |
No candidate | |
| 57 | Nancy Fett Leo Gansen |
Shannon Lundgren (I) |
Lucas Link |
| 58 | Joe Oclon |
Andy McKean (I) |
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| 59 | Bob Kressig (I) |
No candidate | |
| 60 | Dave Williams |
Walt Rogers (I) |
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| 61 | Timi Brown-Powers (I) |
No candidate | |
| 62 | Ras Smith (I) |
No candidate | |
| 63 | Eric Stromberg |
Sandy Salmon (I) |
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| 64 | Bruce Bearinger (I) |
No candidate | |
| 65 | Liz Bennett (I) |
George Olmsted |
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| 66 | Art Staed (I) |
Teresa Daubitz |
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| 67 | Eric Gjerde |
Ashley Hinson (I) |
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| 68 | Molly Donahue Scott Foens |
Randy Ray |
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| 69 | Kirsten Running-Marquardt (I) |
No candidate | |
| 70 | Tracy Ehlert |
No candidate | |
| 71 | Mark Smith (I) |
James Perez |
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| 72 | John Anderson Mindy Benson David Degner Joycelyn George |
Dean Fisher (I) |
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| 73 | Jodi Clemens |
Bobby Kaufmann (I) |
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| 74 | David Jacoby (I) |
No candidate | |
| 75 | Paula Denison Doris Guilford Dennis Mathahs |
Thomas Gerhold |
John George |
| 76 | Ann Egley |
David Maxwell (I) |
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| 77 | Amy Nielsen (I) |
No candidate | |
| 78 | Kimberly Davis |
Jarad Klein (I) |
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| 79 | Samantha Keith |
Dustin Hite |
Nicholas Ryan |
| 80 | Susan McDanel |
Holly Brink Richard Keilig Jr. |
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| 81 | Mary Gaskill (I) |
Cherielynn Westrich |
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| 82 | Phil Miller (I) |
No candidate | |
| 83 | Michael Hardy Jeff Kurtz Bob Morawitz |
Jeffrey Reichman |
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| 84 | Jason Moats |
Martin Amos Trevor Lynn Sheila Matheney Joe Mitchell |
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| 85 | Vicki Lensing (I) |
No candidate | |
| 86 | Mary Mascher (I) |
No candidate | |
| 87 | Dennis Cohoon (I) |
Tim Goodwin Travis Inghram |
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| 88 | Noah Canady Lanny Hillyard |
David Kerr (I) |
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| 89 | Monica Hosch Kurth (I) |
No candidate | |
| 90 | Cindy Winckler (I) |
No candidate | |
| 91 | Laura Liegois |
Gary Carlson (I) |
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| 92 | Jean Simpson |
Ross C. Paustian (I) |
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| 93 | Phyllis Thede (I) |
No candidate | |
| 94 | Joan Marttila |
Gary Mohr (I) |
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| 95 | Christian Andrews |
Louis Zumbach (I) |
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| 96 | Reenie Montgomery |
Lee Hein (I) |
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| 97 | Tim McClimon |
Norlin Mommsen (I) |
David Melchert Jr. |
| 98 | Mary Lynn Wolfe (I) |
Reese Petersen |
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| 99 | Brad Cavanagh Pat Cullen Lindsay James |
Pauline Chilton |
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| 100 | Charles Isenhart (I) |
Hank Linden |
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| Notes | • An (I) denotes an incumbent. | ||
| • Candidate lists can change frequently throughout an election season. Ballotpedia staff update this list monthly. To suggest changes, click here to email our State Legislature Project. | |||
A margin of victory (MOV) analysis for the 2018 Iowa House of Representatives races is presented in this section. MOV represents the percentage of total votes that separated the winner and the second-place finisher. For example, if the winner of a race received 47 percent of the vote and the second-place finisher received 45 percent of the vote, the MOV is 2 percent.
The table below presents the following figures for each party:
| Iowa House of Representatives: 2018 Margin of Victory Analysis | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party | Elections won | Elections won by less than 10% | Unopposed elections | Average margin of victory[1] |
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| Total | ||||
The margin of victory in each race is presented below. The list is sorted from the closest MOV to the largest (including unopposed races).
| Iowa House of Representatives: 2018 Margin of Victory by District | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| District | Winning Party | Losing Party | Margin of Victory | |
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The below map displays each seat in the Iowa House of Representatives which changed partisan hands as a result of the 2018 elections, shaded according to the partisan affiliation of the winner in 2018. Hover over a shaded district for more information.
| State legislative seats flipped in 2018, Iowa House of Representatives | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| District | Incumbent | 2018 winner | Direction of flip |
| Iowa House of Representatives District 38 | R to D | ||
| Iowa House of Representatives District 39 | R to D | ||
| Iowa House of Representatives District 42 | R to D | ||
| Iowa House of Representatives District 43 | R to D | ||
| Iowa House of Representatives District 44 | R to D | ||
| Iowa House of Representatives District 60 | R to D | ||
| Iowa House of Representatives District 68 | R to D | ||
| Iowa House of Representatives District 82 | D to R | ||
| Iowa House of Representatives District 9 | D to R | ||
Seventeen incumbents did not run for re-election in 2018.[2][3] Those incumbents were:
| Name | Party | Current Office |
|---|---|---|
| Charles Holz | |
House District 5 |
| Helen Miller | |
House District 9 |
| Ralph Watts | |
House District 19 |
| Clel Baudler | |
House District 20 |
| Greg Heartsill | |
House District 28 |
| Zach Nunn | |
House District 30 |
| Rob Taylor | |
House District 44 |
| Chip Baltimore | |
House District 47 |
| Kristi Hager | |
House District 56 |
| Ken Rizer | |
House District 68 |
| Todd Taylor | |
House District 70 |
| Dawn Pettengill | |
House District 75 |
| Guy Vander Linden | |
House District 79 |
| Larry Sheets | |
House District 80 |
| Jerry Kearns | |
House District 83 |
| David Heaton | |
House District 84 |
| Abby Finkenauer | |
House District 99 |
Ballotpedia identified the Iowa House of Representatives as one of 22 battleground chambers in 2018. These were chambers that we anticipated to be, overall, more competitive than other chambers and had the potential to see significant shifts in party control.
The chamber was selected because it met the following conditions:
| Party control: 2006 - 2016 | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Election Year: | 2006 | 2008 | 2010 | 2012 | 2014 | 2016 | |||||||||
| Winning Party: | D | D | R | R | R | R | |||||||||
Ballotpedia identified 15 battleground races in the Iowa House of Representatives 2018 elections: six Democratic seats and nine Republican seats. Based on analysis of these districts' electoral histories, these races had the potential to be more competitive than other races and could possibly have led to shifts in a chamber's partisan balance.
To determine state legislative battleground races in 2018, Ballotpedia looked for races that fit one or more of the four factors listed below:
Other factors could also cause a race to be classified as a battleground. For example, Ballotpedia may have considered an election to be a battleground race if an outside group or a national or state party announced that they were targeting a specific seat in order to flip it. We may have also determined a race to be a battleground if it received an unusual amount of media attention. Two additional factors were open seats and districts impacted by redistricting.
In the table below, a bolded name indicates the winner of an election.
| 2018 Iowa House Races to Watch | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| District | 2016 margin of victory | 2016 presidential result | Incumbent running? | Conditions met | |||
| 9 | Megan Srinivas | Ann Meyer | D+14.6 | R+16.0 | No | 2, 3 | |
| 14 | Timothy Kacena (i) | Robert Henderson | D+2.3 | D+0.4 | Yes | 1 | |
| 15 | Charlie McConkey (i) | LeAnn Hughes | D+3.5 | R+9.6 | Yes | 1, 2 | |
| 26 | Scott Ourth (i) | Rebel Snodgrass | D+8.0 | R+13.9 | Yes | 1, 2 | |
| 42 | Kristin Sunde | Peter Cownie (i) | R+6.6 | D+9.0 | Yes | 1, 2 | |
| 43 | Jennifer Konfrst | Michael Boal | Chad Brewbaker | R+3.1 | D+11.5 | No | 1, 2, 3 |
| 44 | Kenan Judge | Anna Bergman | Gabriel Thomson | R (unopposed) | R+2.8 | No | None[4] |
| 47 | David Weaver | Phil Thompson | Patrick Shaw | R+21.0 | R+16.6 | No | None[5] |
| 56 | Lori Egan | Anne Osmundson | R+9.0 | R+24.9 | No | 1 | |
| 57 | Nancy Fett | Shannon Lundgren (i) | Lucas Link | R+4.5 | R+20.2 | Yes | 1 |
| 68 | Molly Donahue | Randy Ray | R+8.1 | D+3.7 | No | 1, 3 | |
| 75 | Paula Denison | Thomas Gerhold | John George | R+35.9 | R+26.0 | No | None[6] |
| 82 | Phil Miller (i) | Jeff Shipley | D+9.3[7] | R+21.2 | Yes | 1, 2, 4 | |
| 83 | Jeff Kurtz | Jeffrey Reichman | D (unopposed) | R+12.9 | No | 3 | |
| 91 | Laura Liegois | Gary Carlson (i) | R+7.9 | R+6.1 | Yes | 1 | |
In the 2018 elections, the Republican majority in the Iowa House of Representatives was reduced from 58-41 to 54-46.
| Iowa House of Representatives | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Party | As of November 6, 2018 | After November 7, 2018 | |
| Democratic Party | 41 | 46 | |
| Republican Party | 58 | 54 | |
| Vacancy | 1 | 0 | |
| Total | 100 | 100 | |
In the 2016 elections, Republicans expanded their majority in the state House from 57-43 to 59-41.
| Iowa House of Representatives | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Party | As of November 7, 2016 | After November 8, 2016 | |
| Democratic Party | 43 | 41 | |
| Republican Party | 57 | 59 | |
| Total | 100 | 100 | |
A state government trifecta is a term that describes single-party government, when one political party holds the governor's office and has majorities in both chambers of the legislature in a state government. Republicans in Iowa gained a state government trifecta as a result of the 2016 elections. Democrats had trifectas in the state from 2007 to 2010. Republicans previously held a Republican trifecta from 1997 to 1998.
Iowa Party Control: 1992-2021
Four years of Democratic trifectas • Seven years of Republican trifectas
Scroll left and right on the table below to view more years.
| Year | 92 | 93 | 94 | 95 | 96 | 97 | 98 | 99 | 00 | 01 | 02 | 03 | 04 | 05 | 06 | 07 | 08 | 09 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Governor | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R |
| Senate | D | D | D | D | D | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | S | S | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | R | R | R | R | R |
| House | D | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | D | D | D | D | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R |
Iowa's process for putting legislatively referred constitutional amendments before voters was designed to allow legislative elections to determine the fate of proposed constitutional amendments approved in the previous session. To put a legislatively referred constitutional amendment before voters, a simple majority vote is required in both the Iowa State Senate and the Iowa House of Representatives in two legislative sessions with an election for state legislators in between. Every two years, half of the state senators and all of the members of the state House are up for election.
During the 2017-2018 legislative session in Iowa, two proposed constitutional amendments were approved: the Iowa Gubernatorial Succession Amendment and the Iowa Right to Firearms Amendment. Both amendments were approved largely along party lines. The gubernatorial succession amendment—which was designed to allow the governor to appoint a replacement lieutenant governor if there is a vacancy—was approved by all 26 voting Republicans in the Senate and all 57 voting Republicans in the House. Voting Democrats were split 10-10 in the Senate, while all 40 voting Democrats voted against the amendment in the House. The amendment to add a right to own and bear firearms to the state constitution was approved by all Republicans in the Senate and by 54 of 56 voting Republicans in the House. In the Senate, 15 of 20 voting Democrats voted against it, and, in the House, all 40 voting Democrats voted against it. The one Independent state senator voted in favor of both amendments.
Iowa became a Republican trifecta in 2016 when Republicans flipped the state Senate. Republicans took control of the governor's office and the state House in the 2010 elections. Entering the November 2018 election, Iowa is one of 26 Republican state government trifectas. To retake control of the state Senate in 2018, Democrats needed to flip five seats. In the state House, Republicans had a 59-41 majority. In the 2018 elections, Republicans maintained their Trifecta control of the state.
After the 2018 elections, legislators were set to consider both amendments in the 2019-2020 legislative session. Ultimately, however, the secretary of state did not publish the approval of the amendments according to state law requirements. This invalidated the approval in the 2017-2018 session and required the two-session process to be started over for these two amendments.
The term wave election is frequently used to describe an election cycle in which one party makes significant electoral gains. How many seats would Republicans have had to lose for the 2018 midterm election to be considered a wave election?
Ballotpedia examined the results of the 50 election cycles that occurred between 1918 and 2016—spanning from President Woodrow Wilson's (D) second midterm in 1918 to Donald Trump's (R) first presidential election in 2016. We define wave elections as the 20 percent of elections in that period resulting in the greatest seat swings against the president's party.
Applying this definition to state legislative elections, we found that Republicans needed to lose 494 seats for 2018 to qualify as a wave election.
The chart below shows the number of seats the president's party lost in the 10 state legislative waves from 1918 to 2016. Click here to read the full report.
| State legislative wave elections | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Year | President | Party | Election type | State legislative seats change | Elections analyzed[8] | |
| 1932 | Hoover | R | Presidential | -1,022 | 7,365 | |
| 1922 | Harding | R | First midterm | -907 | 6,907 | |
| 1966 | Johnson | D | First midterm[9] | -782 | 7,561 | |
| 1938 | Roosevelt | D | Second midterm | -769 | 7,179 | |
| 1958 | Eisenhower | R | Second midterm | -702 | 7,627 | |
| 2010 | Obama | D | First midterm | -702 | 7,306 | |
| 1974 | Ford | R | Second midterm[10] | -695 | 7,481 | |
| 1920 | Wilson | D | Presidential | -654 | 6,835 | |
| 1930 | Hoover | R | Presidential | -640 | 7,361 | |
| 1954 | Eisenhower | R | First midterm | -494 | 7,513 | |
See statutes: Title II of the Iowa Code
There are four ways in which a candidate can gain access to the general election ballot: by primary election, by political party convention, by Non-party Political Organization (NPPO) convention, or by petition. These are detailed below.
Iowa allows any registered voter to challenge a candidate's nominating petition, as long as the challenge is made in writing and within 74 days of the corresponding election.[11][12]
A candidate seeking the nomination of a state-recognized political party in a primary election must be a member of that party. Non-party Political Organizations (NPPOs) are not permitted to participate in primary elections. A primary election candidate must file an affidavit of candidacy and nomination petition with the Iowa Secretary of State during the primary election filing period, which begins 99 days before the primary and ends at 5 p.m. on the 81st day before the primary. The affidavit of candidacy and the nomination petition must be filed simultaneously.[13][14]
For the number of signatures required for nomination petitions, see the table below.
| Formulas for determining signature requirements for political party candidates in primary elections | ||
|---|---|---|
| Office sought | Number of signatures needed | |
| Governor or United States Senator | "At least 1 percent of the voters of the candidate's party, in each of at least 10 counties in the state, and in the aggregate not less than 0.5 perfect of the total vote of the candidate's party in the state, as shown in the last general election"[15] | |
| State executive office (other than governor) | 1,000, including 50 from each of at least 10 counties in the state[15] | |
| United States Representative | "At least 2 percent of the voters of the candidate's party, as shown by the last general election, in each of at least one-half of the counties of the district, and in the aggregate not less than 1 percent of the total vote of the candidate's party in such district, as shown by the last general election"[15] | |
| State Senator | 100 from the senatorial district[15] | |
| State Representative | 50 from the representative district[15] | |
If a political party fails to nominate a candidate at the primary election, the party may hold a convention after the primary to nominate a candidate. That candidate must then file a political party convention certificate and an affidavit of candidacy. The deadline to file the convention certificate and affidavit of candidacy is the same as the general election filing deadline. However, a political party convention candidate may file his or her documents before the filing period begins for general election candidates.[16]
Non-party Political Organizations (NPPOs) are permitted to hold conventions to nominate their candidates. However, in order to qualify their nominations, NPPOs must meet the following requirements:[16][17] [18]
A candidate who is not affiliated with any political party or NPPO can be nominated by petition. A NPPO candidate can gain ballot access in this manner if the NPPO cannot meet the convention attendance requirements described above. A petition candidates must file an affidavit of candidacy and nomination petition with the Iowa Secretary of State. These forms must be filed together by 5 p.m. 81 days before the general election.[12][17]
The table below details the signature requirements necessary for obtaining ballot access by petition.
| Formulas for determining signature requirements for NPPO candidates | ||
|---|---|---|
| Office sought | Number of signatures needed | |
| United States Senator or governor | 3,500 eligible electors, including at least 100 from at least 19 counties[16][17] | |
| Otherwise statewide executive offices | 2,500 eligible electors, including at least 77 from at least 18 counties[16][17] | |
| United States Representative | 1,726 eligible electors who are residents of the congressional district, including at least 47 eligible electors each from at least one-half of the counties in the congressional district[16][17] | |
The Iowa Constitution states, "No person shall be a member of the house of representatives who shall not have attained the age of twenty-one years, be a citizen of the United States, and shall have been an inhabitant of this state one year next preceding his election, and at the time of his election shall have had an actual residence of sixty days in the county, or district he may have been chosen to represent."[20]
| State legislators | |
|---|---|
| Salary | Per diem |
| $25,000/year | $172/day. Unvouchered. |
Iowa legislators assume office the first day of January after their election.
Every year, Ballotpedia uses official candidate lists from each state to examine the competitiveness of every state legislative race in the country. Nationally, there has been a steady decline in electoral competitiveness since 2010. Most notable is that the number of districts with general election competition has dropped by more than 10 percent.
Below is Ballotpedia's 2016 competitiveness analysis. Click here to read the full study »

Uncontested elections: In 2014, 32.8 percent of Americans lived in states with an uncontested state senate election. Similarly, 40.4 percent of Americans lived in states with uncontested house elections. Primary elections were uncontested even more frequently, with 61 percent of people living in states with no contested primaries. Uncontested elections often occur in locations that are so politically one-sided that the result of an election would be a foregone conclusion regardless of whether it was contested or not.
Open seats: In most cases, an incumbent will run for re-election, which decreases the number of open seats available. In 2014, 83 percent of the 6,057 seats up for election saw the incumbent running for re-election. The states that impose term limits on their legislatures typically see a higher percentage of open seats in a given year because a portion of incumbents in each election are forced to leave office. Overall, the number of open seats decreased from 2012 to 2014, dropping from 21.2 percent in 2012 to 17.0 percent in 2014.
Incumbent win rates: Ballotpedia's competitiveness analysis of elections between 1972 and 2014 documented the high propensity for incumbents to win re-election in state legislative elections. In fact, since 1972, the win rate for incumbents had not dropped below 90 percent—with the exception of 1974, when 88 percent of incumbents were re-elected to their seats. Perhaps most importantly, the win rate for incumbents generally increased over time. In 2014, 96.5 percent of incumbents were able to retain their seats. Common convention holds that incumbents are able to leverage their office to maintain their seat. However, the high incumbent win rate may actually be a result of incumbents being more likely to hold seats in districts that are considered safe for their party.
Marginal primaries: Often, competitiveness is measured by examining the rate of elections that have been won by amounts that are considered marginal (5 percent or less). During the 2014 election, 90.1 percent of primary and general election races were won by margins higher than 5 percent. Interestingly, it is usually the case that only one of the two races—primary or general—will be competitive at a time. This means that if a district's general election is competitive, typically one or more of the district's primaries were won by more than 5 percent. The reverse is also true: If a district sees a competitive primary, it is unlikely that the general election for that district will be won by less than 5 percent. Primaries often see very low voter turnout in comparison to general elections. In 2014, there were only 27 million voters for state legislative primaries, but approximately 107 million voters for the state legislative general elections.
Thirty-one of 99 Iowa counties—31 percent—are Pivot Counties. Pivot Counties are counties that voted for Barack Obama (D) in 2008 and 2012 and for Donald Trump (R) in 2016. Altogether, the nation had 206 Pivot Counties, with most being concentrated in upper midwestern and northeastern states.
| Counties won by Trump in 2016 and Obama in 2012 and 2008 | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| County | Trump margin of victory in 2016 | Obama margin of victory in 2012 | Obama margin of victory in 2008 | ||||
| Allamakee County, Iowa | 24.15% | 4.17% | 14.25% | ||||
| Boone County, Iowa | 13.69% | 6.64% | 7.63% | ||||
| Bremer County, Iowa | 13.68% | 2.68% | 9.31% | ||||
| Buchanan County, Iowa | 15.02% | 13.87% | 18.48% | ||||
| Cedar County, Iowa | 17.78% | 4.59% | 9.64% | ||||
| Cerro Gordo County, Iowa | 7.66% | 13.38% | 20.83% | ||||
| Chickasaw County, Iowa | 22.94% | 11.07% | 20.74% | ||||
| Clarke County, Iowa | 28.02% | 1.47% | 2.25% | ||||
| Clayton County, Iowa | 22.78% | 7.03% | 17.17% | ||||
| Clinton County, Iowa | 5.12% | 22.84% | 23.03% | ||||
| Des Moines County, Iowa | 6.89% | 18.41% | 23.04% | ||||
| Dubuque County, Iowa | 1.23% | 14.71% | 20.77% | ||||
| Fayette County, Iowa | 19.36% | 11.96% | 16.60% | ||||
| Floyd County, Iowa | 14.84% | 14.63% | 21.88% | ||||
| Howard County, Iowa | 20.49% | 20.95% | 25.78% | ||||
| Jackson County, Iowa | 19.27% | 16.89% | 24.39% | ||||
| Jasper County, Iowa | 18.13% | 7.07% | 7.50% | ||||
| Jefferson County, Iowa | 0.47% | 15.97% | 20.23% | ||||
| Jones County, Iowa | 19.08% | 7.78% | 10.40% | ||||
| Lee County, Iowa | 16.02% | 15.49% | 16.01% | ||||
| Louisa County, Iowa | 28.37% | 0.64% | 4.25% | ||||
| Marshall County, Iowa | 8.31% | 9.36% | 9.35% | ||||
| Mitchell County, Iowa | 24.04% | 3.37% | 12.31% | ||||
| Muscatine County, Iowa | 6.26% | 15.88% | 15.64% | ||||
| Poweshiek County, Iowa | 6.53% | 9.35% | 11.75% | ||||
| Tama County, Iowa | 20.28% | 7.43% | 12.19% | ||||
| Union County, Iowa | 27.49% | 3.86% | 3.70% | ||||
| Wapello County, Iowa | 20.60% | 11.88% | 13.53% | ||||
| Webster County, Iowa | 21.52% | 5.84% | 8.51% | ||||
| Winneshiek County, Iowa | 0.79% | 14.74% | 22.65% | ||||
| Worth County, Iowa | 21.68% | 14.53% | 22.42% | ||||
In the 2016 presidential election, Donald Trump (R) won Iowa with 51.1 percent of the vote. Hillary Clinton (D) received 41.7 percent. In presidential elections between 1848 and 2016, Iowa voted Republican 69.76 percent of the time and Democratic 30.23 percent of the time. In the five presidential elections between 2000 and 2016, Iowa voted Democratic three times and Republican the other two times.[21]
The following table details results of the 2012 and 2016 presidential elections by state House districts in Iowa. Click [show] to expand the table. The "Obama," "Romney," "Clinton," and "Trump" columns describe the percent of the vote each presidential candidate received in the district. The "2012 Margin" and "2016 Margin" columns describe the margin of victory between the two presidential candidates in those years. The "Party Control" column notes which party held that seat heading into the 2018 general election. Data on the results of the 2012 and 2016 presidential elections broken down by state legislative districts was compiled by Daily Kos.[22][23]
| In 2012, Barack Obama (D) won 61 out of 100 state House districts in Iowa with an average margin of victory of 19.1 points. In 2016, Hillary Clinton (D) won 35 out of 100 state House districts in Iowa with an average margin of victory of 18.8 points. Clinton won four districts controlled by Republicans heading into the 2018 elections. |
| In 2012, Mitt Romney (R) won 39 out of 100 state House districts in Iowa with an average margin of victory of 13.3 points. In 2016, Donald Trump (R) won 65 out of 100 state House districts in Iowa with an average margin of victory of 24.5 points. Trump won 10 districts controlled by Democrats heading into the 2018 elections. |
| 2016 presidential results by state House district | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| District | Obama | Romney | 2012 Margin | Clinton | Trump | 2016 Margin | Party Control |
| 1 | 30.96% | 67.78% | R+36.8 | 22.23% | 73.81% | R+51.6 | R |
| 2 | 41.86% | 56.83% | R+15 | 27.53% | 67.70% | R+40.2 | R |
| 3 | 31.57% | 67.31% | R+35.7 | 20.73% | 74.78% | R+54.1 | R |
| 4 | 15.63% | 83.55% | R+67.9 | 12.95% | 81.67% | R+68.7 | R |
| 5 | 33.00% | 65.90% | R+32.9 | 22.28% | 73.69% | R+51.4 | R |
| 6 | 44.39% | 54.40% | R+10 | 32.54% | 62.36% | R+29.8 | R |
| 7 | 46.87% | 51.82% | R+5 | 31.96% | 62.86% | R+30.9 | R |
| 8 | 43.04% | 55.84% | R+12.8 | 28.52% | 67.11% | R+38.6 | R |
| 9 | 54.26% | 44.65% | D+9.6 | 39.33% | 55.29% | R+16 | D |
| 10 | 40.15% | 58.39% | R+18.2 | 25.64% | 69.78% | R+44.1 | R |
| 11 | 42.76% | 56.17% | R+13.4 | 30.87% | 64.40% | R+33.5 | R |
| 12 | 46.14% | 52.95% | R+6.8 | 30.92% | 64.32% | R+33.4 | R |
| 13 | 54.28% | 44.37% | D+9.9 | 42.30% | 52.03% | R+9.7 | D |
| 14 | 59.33% | 39.34% | D+20 | 47.69% | 47.27% | D+0.4 | D |
| 15 | 57.12% | 41.17% | D+16 | 41.89% | 51.48% | R+9.6 | D |
| 16 | 52.01% | 46.46% | D+5.5 | 41.84% | 51.76% | R+9.9 | R |
| 17 | 41.10% | 57.71% | R+16.6 | 25.76% | 70.01% | R+44.3 | R |
| 18 | 41.98% | 56.88% | R+14.9 | 28.11% | 67.52% | R+39.4 | R |
| 19 | 40.80% | 57.87% | R+17.1 | 36.54% | 56.73% | R+20.2 | R |
| 20 | 48.77% | 49.62% | R+0.9 | 35.39% | 59.04% | R+23.6 | R |
| 21 | 45.01% | 53.64% | R+8.6 | 29.35% | 65.17% | R+35.8 | R |
| 22 | 36.78% | 62.08% | R+25.3 | 29.64% | 65.50% | R+35.9 | R |
| 23 | 40.72% | 57.80% | R+17.1 | 27.37% | 66.81% | R+39.4 | R |
| 24 | 39.86% | 58.79% | R+18.9 | 25.77% | 69.86% | R+44.1 | R |
| 25 | 44.34% | 54.14% | R+9.8 | 34.15% | 59.72% | R+25.6 | R |
| 26 | 50.18% | 48.59% | D+1.6 | 39.62% | 53.52% | R+13.9 | D |
| 27 | 47.15% | 51.07% | R+3.9 | 30.50% | 64.42% | R+33.9 | R |
| 28 | 47.30% | 51.30% | R+4 | 31.76% | 62.81% | R+31.1 | R |
| 29 | 56.05% | 42.50% | D+13.6 | 40.78% | 53.23% | R+12.5 | D |
| 30 | 47.66% | 50.85% | R+3.2 | 38.47% | 54.84% | R+16.4 | R |
| 31 | 61.55% | 36.86% | D+24.7 | 49.75% | 43.99% | D+5.8 | D |
| 32 | 72.88% | 25.37% | D+47.5 | 63.69% | 30.28% | D+33.4 | D |
| 33 | 67.30% | 31.37% | D+35.9 | 59.50% | 34.55% | D+25 | D |
| 34 | 68.16% | 30.10% | D+38.1 | 60.44% | 33.19% | D+27.2 | D |
| 35 | 77.01% | 21.48% | D+55.5 | 70.40% | 23.46% | D+46.9 | D |
| 36 | 65.21% | 33.12% | D+32.1 | 63.13% | 29.46% | D+33.7 | D |
| 37 | 43.30% | 55.35% | R+12 | 42.10% | 50.50% | R+8.4 | R |
| 38 | 49.33% | 49.21% | D+0.1 | 42.85% | 49.84% | R+7 | R |
| 39 | 43.02% | 55.76% | R+12.7 | 43.93% | 48.99% | R+5.1 | R |
| 40 | 49.31% | 49.53% | R+0.2 | 50.25% | 43.32% | D+6.9 | D |
| 41 | 67.93% | 30.50% | D+37.4 | 69.25% | 24.10% | D+45.2 | D |
| 42 | 49.85% | 48.83% | D+1 | 51.15% | 42.19% | D+9 | R |
| 43 | 50.58% | 48.29% | D+2.3 | 52.50% | 41.03% | D+11.5 | R |
| 44 | 42.52% | 56.60% | R+14.1 | 44.97% | 47.76% | R+2.8 | R |
| 45 | 60.66% | 36.80% | D+23.9 | 57.79% | 31.85% | D+25.9 | D |
| 46 | 59.66% | 37.96% | D+21.7 | 57.22% | 33.12% | D+24.1 | D |
| 47 | 52.11% | 46.29% | D+5.8 | 38.31% | 54.96% | R+16.6 | R |
| 48 | 47.95% | 50.46% | R+2.5 | 36.50% | 56.98% | R+20.5 | R |
| 49 | 46.50% | 51.88% | R+5.4 | 36.62% | 55.49% | R+18.9 | R |
| 50 | 42.94% | 55.95% | R+13 | 30.36% | 64.36% | R+34 | R |
| 51 | 55.19% | 43.48% | D+11.7 | 35.67% | 58.91% | R+23.2 | R |
| 52 | 56.04% | 42.88% | D+13.2 | 37.76% | 56.73% | R+19 | D |
| 53 | 60.98% | 37.92% | D+23.1 | 47.69% | 46.65% | D+1 | D |
| 54 | 44.96% | 53.94% | R+9 | 32.11% | 62.71% | R+30.6 | R |
| 55 | 55.19% | 43.44% | D+11.8 | 43.51% | 50.62% | R+7.1 | R |
| 56 | 52.01% | 46.73% | D+5.3 | 34.91% | 59.80% | R+24.9 | R |
| 57 | 49.00% | 49.98% | R+1 | 37.25% | 57.49% | R+20.2 | R |
| 58 | 55.60% | 43.22% | D+12.4 | 37.06% | 57.82% | R+20.8 | R |
| 59 | 56.29% | 42.22% | D+14.1 | 51.94% | 40.87% | D+11.1 | D |
| 60 | 50.15% | 48.91% | D+1.2 | 45.19% | 48.75% | R+3.6 | R |
| 61 | 63.73% | 35.14% | D+28.6 | 52.34% | 42.07% | D+10.3 | D |
| 62 | 76.37% | 22.58% | D+53.8 | 62.14% | 32.64% | D+29.5 | D |
| 63 | 49.95% | 48.93% | D+1 | 39.04% | 55.06% | R+16 | R |
| 64 | 57.83% | 41.00% | D+16.8 | 40.27% | 53.42% | R+13.1 | D |
| 65 | 66.77% | 31.71% | D+35.1 | 61.58% | 31.29% | D+30.3 | D |
| 66 | 57.43% | 41.04% | D+16.4 | 53.11% | 39.91% | D+13.2 | D |
| 67 | 49.18% | 49.50% | R+0.3 | 47.22% | 45.74% | D+1.5 | R |
| 68 | 54.45% | 44.08% | D+10.4 | 48.20% | 44.50% | D+3.7 | R |
| 69 | 65.87% | 32.63% | D+33.2 | 52.73% | 40.24% | D+12.5 | D |
| 70 | 63.00% | 35.67% | D+27.3 | 53.85% | 39.20% | D+14.7 | D |
| 71 | 56.62% | 42.23% | D+14.4 | 48.02% | 46.57% | D+1.5 | D |
| 72 | 50.86% | 47.88% | D+3 | 34.92% | 59.56% | R+24.6 | R |
| 73 | 54.19% | 44.65% | D+9.5 | 43.25% | 51.15% | R+7.9 | R |
| 74 | 67.17% | 31.21% | D+36 | 69.14% | 24.89% | D+44.3 | D |
| 75 | 49.36% | 49.39% | R+0 | 34.09% | 60.12% | R+26 | R |
| 76 | 50.61% | 47.97% | D+2.6 | 40.64% | 53.90% | R+13.3 | R |
| 77 | 58.46% | 40.34% | D+18.1 | 53.49% | 39.62% | D+13.9 | D |
| 78 | 46.21% | 51.69% | R+5.5 | 34.06% | 60.08% | R+26 | R |
| 79 | 35.86% | 62.79% | R+26.9 | 25.96% | 67.84% | R+41.9 | R |
| 80 | 45.03% | 53.56% | R+8.5 | 27.04% | 68.71% | R+41.7 | R |
| 81 | 56.57% | 41.86% | D+14.7 | 39.52% | 55.89% | R+16.4 | D |
| 82 | 49.74% | 47.90% | D+1.8 | 36.54% | 57.76% | R+21.2 | D |
| 83 | 58.67% | 39.72% | D+19 | 40.42% | 53.35% | R+12.9 | D |
| 84 | 46.37% | 52.04% | R+5.7 | 30.59% | 63.23% | R+32.6 | R |
| 85 | 71.79% | 26.07% | D+45.7 | 74.26% | 19.90% | D+54.4 | D |
| 86 | 72.99% | 24.97% | D+48 | 72.34% | 21.06% | D+51.3 | D |
| 87 | 62.60% | 36.08% | D+26.5 | 48.53% | 45.49% | D+3 | D |
| 88 | 50.88% | 47.86% | D+3 | 35.94% | 58.76% | R+22.8 | R |
| 89 | 63.19% | 35.77% | D+27.4 | 52.47% | 40.86% | D+11.6 | D |
| 90 | 73.49% | 24.97% | D+48.5 | 57.98% | 34.93% | D+23.1 | D |
| 91 | 57.61% | 40.97% | D+16.6 | 43.65% | 49.75% | R+6.1 | R |
| 92 | 53.94% | 45.00% | D+8.9 | 42.25% | 51.61% | R+9.4 | R |
| 93 | 56.63% | 42.22% | D+14.4 | 50.96% | 42.21% | D+8.7 | D |
| 94 | 45.18% | 53.87% | R+8.7 | 43.91% | 50.10% | R+6.2 | R |
| 95 | 52.01% | 46.69% | D+5.3 | 41.86% | 51.59% | R+9.7 | R |
| 96 | 51.83% | 47.01% | D+4.8 | 35.42% | 58.91% | R+23.5 | R |
| 97 | 50.63% | 47.95% | D+2.7 | 37.14% | 56.46% | R+19.3 | R |
| 98 | 65.29% | 33.50% | D+31.8 | 48.47% | 45.38% | D+3.1 | D |
| 99 | 59.37% | 39.28% | D+20.1 | 52.61% | 41.12% | D+11.5 | D |
| 100 | 62.95% | 35.58% | D+27.4 | 51.37% | 42.25% | D+9.1 | D |
| Total | 52.23% | 46.40% | D+5.8 | 42.23% | 51.72% | R+9.5 | - |
| Source: Daily Kos | |||||||
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Categories: [House of Representatives elections, 2018] [Iowa elections, 2018] [Marquee, completed election, 2018]
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