Langhian

Langhian
	15.97 – 13.82 Ma PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N ↓
Chronology
	Template:Neogene graphical timeline
Formerly part of	Tertiary Period/System
Etymology
Name formality	Formal
Usage information
Celestial body	Earth
Regional usage	Global (ICS)
Time scale(s) used	ICS Time Scale
Definition
Chronological unit	Age
Stratigraphic unit	Stage
Time span formality	Formal
Lower boundary definition	Not formally defined
Lower boundary definition candidates	Near top of magnetic polarity chronozone C5Cn.1n; Near FAD of the Planktonic Foraminiferan Praeorbulina glomerosa;
Lower boundary GSSP candidate section(s)	La Vedova, Italy; St. Peter's Pool, Malta; Astronomically tuned ODP-core;
Upper boundary definition	Mi3b Oxygen-isotopic event (Global cooling episode)
Upper boundary GSSP	Ras il Pellegrin section, Fomm ir-Riħ Bay, Malta; [ ⚑ ] 35°54′50″N 14°20′10″E / 35.9139°N 14.3361°E
GSSP ratified	2007

The Langhian is, in the ICS geologic timescale, an age or stage in the middle Miocene Epoch/Series. It spans the time between 15.97 ± 0.05 Ma and 13.65 ± 0.05 Ma (million years ago) during the Middle Miocene.^[2]

The Langhian was a continuing warming period^[3] defined by Lorenzo Pareto in 1865, it was originally established in the Langhe area north of Ceva in northern Italy, hence the name. The Langhian is preceded by the Burdigalian and followed by the Serravallian Stage.

Stratigraphic definition

The base of the Langhian is defined by the first appearance of foraminifer species Praeorbulina glomerosa and is also coeval with the top of magnetic chronozone C5Cn.1n. A GSSP for the Langhian Stage was not yet established in 2009.

The top of the Langhian Stage (the base of the Serravallian Stage) is at the first occurrence of fossils of the nanoplankton species Sphenolithus heteromorphus and is located in magnetic chronozone C5ABr.

The Langhian is coeval with the Orleanian and Astaracian European Land Mammal Mega Zones (more precisely: with biozones MN5 and MN6, MN6 starts just below the Langhian-Serravallian boundary^[4]), with the upper Hemingfordian to mid-Barstovian North American Land Mammal Ages,^[2] with mid-Relizian to Luisian California n regional stages (the Luisian extends barely into the early Serravallian^[2]), with the early-mid Badenian Paratethys stage of Central and eastern Europe,^[4] with the Tozawan stage in Japan (which runs barely into the early Serravallian^[2]), with the late Batesfordian through Balcombian to early Bairnsdalian Australia n stages^[2] and with the mid-Cliffdenian to mid-Lillburnian New Zealand stages.^[2]

Paleontology

Reptiles

Turtles: Meiolania brevicollis

Cartilaginous fish

Sharks, rays, skates and relatives

Chlamydoselachidae: †Chlamydoselachus tobleri
Hexanchidae: Hexanchus griseus (includes "H. andersoni" and "H. gigas"), Hexanchus nakamurai (includes "H. vitulus"), Notorynchus cepedianus (includes "N. kempi" and "N. primigenius")

Grizzled Giant Squirrel, Ratufa macroura. Its genus was probably already distinct in the Langhian.

Mammals

Perissodactyla
- Rhinocerotidae: †Dicerorhinus sansaniensis
Rodentia
- Cricetidae: †Karydomys
- Sciuridae: †Palaeosciurus, ?Ratufa

Climate

In August 2021, the 6th IPCC report indicated that global temperature was 4°C– 10°C warmer during the Miocene Climatic Optimum (16.9-14.7 Ma ago) than 1850-1900.^[5]

References

Footnotes

↑ Hilgen, F. J.; H. A. Abels; S. Iaccarino; W. Krijgsman; I. Raffi; R. Sprovieri; E. Turco; W. J. Zachariasse (2009). "The Global Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) of the Serravallian Stage (Middle Miocene)". Episodes 32 (3): 152–166. doi:10.18814/epiiugs/2009/v32i3/002. https://stratigraphy.org/gssps/files/serravallian.pdf. Retrieved 26 December 2020.
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 ^2.4 ^2.5 GeoWhen (2007)
↑ Edward Petuch, Ph.D. Florida Atlantic University, Department of Geosciences."FAU Department of Geosciences". http://www.geology.fau.edu/people/petuch.html. , Author, Cenozoic Seas: The View From Eastern North America. ISBN:0-8493-1632-4
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 Palaeos (2003)
↑ "AR6 Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis — IPCC". https://www.ipcc.ch/report/sixth-assessment-report-working-group-i/.

Literature

Gradstein, F.M.; Ogg, J.G. & Smith, A.G.; 2004: A Geologic Time Scale 2004, Cambridge University Press.
Pareto, L.; 1865: Note sur les subdivisions que l'on pourrait établir dans les terrains tertaires de l'Apennin septentrional, Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France 2(22), p. 210-277. PDF (in French)

External links

GeoWhen Database - Langhian
Neogene timescale, at the website of the subcommission for stratigraphic information of the ICS
Neogene timescale at the website of the Norwegian network of offshore records of geology and stratigraphy

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[1] Hilgen, F. J.; H. A. Abels; S. Iaccarino; W. Krijgsman; I. Raffi; R. Sprovieri; E. Turco; W. J. Zachariasse (2009). "The Global Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) of the Serravallian Stage (Middle Miocene)". Episodes 32 (3): 152–166. doi:10.18814/epiiugs/2009/v32i3/002. https://stratigraphy.org/gssps/files/serravallian.pdf. Retrieved 26 December 2020.

[geowhen-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 ^2.4 ^2.5 GeoWhen (2007)

[3] Edward Petuch, Ph.D. Florida Atlantic University, Department of Geosciences."FAU Department of Geosciences". http://www.geology.fau.edu/people/petuch.html. , Author, Cenozoic Seas: The View From Eastern North America. ISBN:0-8493-1632-4

[palaeos-4] 4.0 ^4.1 Palaeos (2003)

[5] "AR6 Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis — IPCC". https://www.ipcc.ch/report/sixth-assessment-report-working-group-i/.