Name Of Mars

In English, the planet Mars is named after Mars, the Roman god of war,^[1] an association made because of its red color, which suggests blood.^[2] The adjectival form of Latin Mars is Martius,^[3] from which the English word Martian derives, used as an adjective or for a putative inhabitant of Mars, and Martial, used as an adjective corresponding to Terrestrial for Earth.^[4] In Greek, the planet is known as Ἄρης Arēs, with the inflectional stem Ἄρε- Are-.^[5] That is because of the Greek equivalent to Mars is Ares. From this come technical terms such as areology, as well as the (rare) adjective Arean^[6] and the star name Antares.

Mars is also the basis of the name of the month of March (from Latin Martius mēnsis 'month of Mars'),^[7] as well as of Tuesday (Latin dies Martis 'day of Mars'), where the old Anglo-Saxon god Tíw was identified as the Anglo-Saxon equivalent to Mars by Interpretatio germanica.^[8]

Due to the global influence of European languages in astronomy, a word like Mars or Marte for the planet is common around the world, though it may be used alongside older, native words. A number of other languages have provided words with international usage. For example:

Arabic مريخ mirrīkh – which connotes fire – is used as the (or a) name for the planet in Persian, Urdu, Malay and Swahili,^[9] among others
Chinese 火星 [Mandarin Huǒxīng] 'fire star' (in Chinese the five classical planets are identified with the five elements) is used in Korean, Japanese and Vietnamese.^[10]
India uses the Sanskrit term Mangal derived from the Hindu goddess Mangala.^[11]
A long-standing nickname for Mars is the "Red Planet". That is also the planet's name in Hebrew, מאדים ma'adim, which is derived from אדום adom, meaning 'red'.^[12]
The archaic Latin form Māvors (/ˈmeɪvɔːrz/) is seen, but only very rarely, in English, though the adjectives Mavortial and Mavortian mean 'martial' in the military rather than planetary sense.^[13]

References

↑ Mars (3rd ed.), Oxford University Press, September 2005, http://oed.com/search?searchType=dictionary&q=Mars (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
↑ "Planetary Names: Planet and Satellite Names and Discoverers". https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Page/Planets.
↑ Mars. Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short. A Latin Dictionary on Perseus Project.
↑ martial (3rd ed.), Oxford University Press, September 2005, http://oed.com/search?searchType=dictionary&q=martial (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
↑ Ἄρης. Liddell, Henry George; Scott, Robert; A Greek–English Lexicon at the Perseus Project
↑ E.g. in Pickering (1921) Mars.
↑ "The Julian Calendar". https://penelope.uchicago.edu/~grout/encyclopaedia_romana/calendar/juliancalendar.html.
↑ "Tuesday (n.)". https://www.etymonline.com/word/tuesday.
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↑ Dalal, Roshen (2010). Hinduism: An alphabetical guide. Penguin Books India. p. 240. ISBN 978-0-14-341421-6. https://books.google.com/books?id=DH0vmD8ghdMC&pg=PA240.
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↑ Mavors, Mavortial, Mavortian (3rd ed.), Oxford University Press, September 2005, http://oed.com/search?searchType=dictionary&q=Mavors,+Mavortial,+Mavortian (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)

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[1] Mars (3rd ed.), Oxford University Press, September 2005, http://oed.com/search?searchType=dictionary&q=Mars (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)

[2] "Planetary Names: Planet and Satellite Names and Discoverers". https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Page/Planets.

[3] Mars. Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short. A Latin Dictionary on Perseus Project.

[4] martial (3rd ed.), Oxford University Press, September 2005, http://oed.com/search?searchType=dictionary&q=martial (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)

[5] Ἄρης. Liddell, Henry George; Scott, Robert; A Greek–English Lexicon at the Perseus Project

[6] E.g. in Pickering (1921) Mars.

[7] "The Julian Calendar". https://penelope.uchicago.edu/~grout/encyclopaedia_romana/calendar/juliancalendar.html.

[8] "Tuesday (n.)". https://www.etymonline.com/word/tuesday.

[9] Template:Wti

[10] Template:Wti

[11] Dalal, Roshen (2010). Hinduism: An alphabetical guide. Penguin Books India. p. 240. ISBN 978-0-14-341421-6. https://books.google.com/books?id=DH0vmD8ghdMC&pg=PA240.

[12] Template:Wti

[13] Mavors, Mavortial, Mavortian (3rd ed.), Oxford University Press, September 2005, http://oed.com/search?searchType=dictionary&q=Mavors,+Mavortial,+Mavortian (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)