Thanetian

Thanetian
	59.2 – 56.0 Ma PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N ↓
Chronology
	Paleogene graphical timeline This box: view · talk · edit -65 — – -60 — – -55 — – -50 — – -45 — – -40 — – -35 — – -30 — – -25 — – M; Z C; e; n; o; z; o; i; c K P; a; l; e; o; g; e; n; e N block; ">L; K P; a; l; e; o; c; e; n; e; ; E; o; c; e; n; e O; l; i; g; o; c; e; n; e M; C 90%">Maastricht. Danian Selandian; Thanetian Ypresian Lutetian Bartonian Priabonian Rupelian Chattian 90%">Aquitanian ← PETM ← First Antarctic permanent ice-sheets ← K-Pg mass; extinction Subdivision of the Paleogene according to the ICS, as of 2021.; Vertical axis scale: millions of years ago;
Formerly part of	Tertiary Period/System
Etymology
Name formality	Formal
Usage information
Celestial body	Earth
Regional usage	Global (ICS)
Time scale(s) used	ICS Time Scale
Definition
Chronological unit	Age
Stratigraphic unit	Stage
Time span formality	Formal
Lower boundary definition	Base of magnetic polarity chronozone C26n
Lower boundary GSSP	Zumaia Section, Basque Country, Spain; [ ⚑ ] 43°17′59″N 2°15′39″W / 43.2996°N 2.2609°W
GSSP ratified	2008
Upper boundary definition	Strong negative anomaly in δ13C values at the PETM
Upper boundary GSSP	Dababiya section, Luxor, Egypt; [ ⚑ ] 25°30′00″N 32°31′52″E / 25.5000°N 32.5311°E
GSSP ratified	2003

Short description: Third and last age of the Paleocene Epoch

The Thanetian is, in the ICS Geologic timescale, the latest age or uppermost stratigraphic stage of the Paleocene Epoch or Series. It spans the time between 59.2 and 56 Ma. The Thanetian is preceded by the Selandian Age and followed by the Ypresian Age (part of the Eocene).^[5] The Thanetian is sometimes referred to as the Late Paleocene.

Stratigraphic definition

The Thanetian was established by Switzerland geologist Eugène Renevier in 1873. The Thanetian is named after the Thanet Formation, the oldest Cenozoic deposit of the London Basin, which was first identified in the area of Kent (southern England ) known as the Isle of Thanet.

The base of the Thanetian Stage is laid at the base of magnetic chronozone C26n. The references profile (Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point) is in the Zumaia section (43° 18'N, 2° 16'W) at the beach of Itzurun, Pais Vasco, northern Spain .^[6] Fossils of the unicellular planktonic marine coccolithophore Areoligeria gippingensis make their first appearance at the base of the Thanetian, and help define its lowest stratigraphic boundary.

The top of the Thanetian Stage (the base of the Ypresian) is defined at a strong negative anomaly in δ¹³C values at the global thermal maximum at the Paleocene-Eocene boundary.

The Thanetian Stage is coeval the lower Neustrian European land mammal age (it spans the Mammal Paleogene zone 6 and part of zones 1 through 5.^[7]), the upper Tiffanian and Clarkforkian North American land mammal ages, the Riochican and part of the Itaboraian South American land mammal ages and the upper Nongshanian and Gashatan Asian land mammal ages. The Thanetian is contemporary with the middle Wangerripian regional stage of Australia and the upper Ynezian regional stage of California . It overlaps the obsolete regional stages Landenian and Heersian of Belgium.

Palaeontology

The Sézanne flora is a fossil assemblage preserved in freshwater limestone deposits at Sézanne, laid down during the Thanetian Age, when Europe enjoyed a tropical climate. In the lagerstätte, leaves, entire flowers and seeds are minutely preserved. Also, the first representatives of Proboscidea appeared, Eritherium.^[8]

Climate

This period was characterized by temperatures warmer than those of today.^[9]

References

↑ Zachos, J. C.; Kump, L. R. (2005). "Carbon cycle feedbacks and the initiation of Antarctic glaciation in the earliest Oligocene". Global and Planetary Change 47 (1): 51–66. doi:10.1016/j.gloplacha.2005.01.001. Bibcode: 2005GPC....47...51Z.
↑ "International Chronostratigraphic Chart". International Commission on Stratigraphy. https://stratigraphy.org/icschart/ChronostratChart2020-01.pdf.
↑ Schmitz, B.; Pujalte, V.; Molina, E.; Monechi, S.; Orue-Etxebarria, X.; Speijer, R. P.; Alegret, L.; Apellaniz, E. et al. (2011). "The global Stratotype Sections and Points for the bases of the Selandian (Middle Paleocene) and Thanetian (Upper Paleocene Paleocene) stages at Zumaia, Spain". Episodes 34 (4): 220–243. doi:10.18814/epiiugs/2011/v34i4/002.
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 Aubry, Marie-Pierre; Ouda, Khaled; Dupuis, Christian; William A. Berggren; John A. Van Couvering; Working Group on the Paleocene/Eocene Boundary (2007). "The Global Standard Stratotype-section and Point (GSSP) for the base of the Eocene Series in the Dababiya section (Egypt)". Episodes 30 (4): 271–286. doi:10.18814/epiiugs/2007/v30i4/003. http://www.stratigraphy.org/GSSP/file11.pdf.
↑ International Commission on Stratigraphy 2017
↑ Proposed by Dinarès-Turell et al. (2007), ratified by the IUGS in 2008
↑ Alroy, John. "Mammal Paleogene zones". p. The Paleobiology Database. http://paleodb.org/cgi-bin/bridge.pl?action=processViewScale&scale_no=125.
↑ Emmanuel Gheerbrant (2009). "Paleocene emergence of elephant relatives and the rapid radiation of African ungulates". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 106 (26): 10717–10721. doi:10.1073/pnas.0900251106. PMID 19549873. Bibcode: 2009PNAS..10610717G.
↑ "AR6 Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis — IPCC". https://www.ipcc.ch/report/sixth-assessment-report-working-group-i/.

Literature

Dinarès-Turell, J.; Baceta, J. I.; Bernaola, G.; Orue-Etxebarria, X. & Pujalte, V.; 2007: Closing the Mid-Palaeocene gap: Toward a complete astronomically tuned Palaeocene Epoch and Selandian and Thanetian GSSPs at Zumaia (Basque Basin, W. Pyrenees), Earth and Planetary Science Letters 262: pp 450–467.
Gradstein, F.M.; Ogg, J.G. & Smith, A.G.; 2004: A Geologic Time Scale 2004, Cambridge University Press .
Renevier, E.; 1873: Tableau des terrains sédimentaires formés pendant les époques de la phase organique du globe terrestre, Bulletin de la Société Vaudoise des Sciences Naturelles (Lausanne) 12: pp 218–252.

External links

GeoWhen Database - Thanetian
Paleogene timescale, at the website of the subcommission for stratigraphic information of the ICS
Stratigraphic chart of the Paleogene, at the website of Norges Network of offshore records of geology and stratigraphy

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Original source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thanetian. Read more

[Zachos2k5-1] Zachos, J. C.; Kump, L. R. (2005). "Carbon cycle feedbacks and the initiation of Antarctic glaciation in the earliest Oligocene". Global and Planetary Change 47 (1): 51–66. doi:10.1016/j.gloplacha.2005.01.001. Bibcode: 2005GPC....47...51Z.

[2] "International Chronostratigraphic Chart". International Commission on Stratigraphy. https://stratigraphy.org/icschart/ChronostratChart2020-01.pdf.

[schmitz_2011-3] Schmitz, B.; Pujalte, V.; Molina, E.; Monechi, S.; Orue-Etxebarria, X.; Speijer, R. P.; Alegret, L.; Apellaniz, E. et al. (2011). "The global Stratotype Sections and Points for the bases of the Selandian (Middle Paleocene) and Thanetian (Upper Paleocene Paleocene) stages at Zumaia, Spain". Episodes 34 (4): 220–243. doi:10.18814/epiiugs/2011/v34i4/002.

[Aubry_2007-4] 4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 Aubry, Marie-Pierre; Ouda, Khaled; Dupuis, Christian; William A. Berggren; John A. Van Couvering; Working Group on the Paleocene/Eocene Boundary (2007). "The Global Standard Stratotype-section and Point (GSSP) for the base of the Eocene Series in the Dababiya section (Egypt)". Episodes 30 (4): 271–286. doi:10.18814/epiiugs/2007/v30i4/003. http://www.stratigraphy.org/GSSP/file11.pdf.

[5] International Commission on Stratigraphy 2017

[6] Proposed by Dinarès-Turell et al. (2007), ratified by the IUGS in 2008

[MP-7] Alroy, John. "Mammal Paleogene zones". p. The Paleobiology Database. http://paleodb.org/cgi-bin/bridge.pl?action=processViewScale&scale_no=125.

[Gheerbrant-8] Emmanuel Gheerbrant (2009). "Paleocene emergence of elephant relatives and the rapid radiation of African ungulates". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 106 (26): 10717–10721. doi:10.1073/pnas.0900251106. PMID 19549873. Bibcode: 2009PNAS..10610717G.

[9] "AR6 Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis — IPCC". https://www.ipcc.ch/report/sixth-assessment-report-working-group-i/.