Calcium Titanate

Calcium titanate
Names
	Other names calcium titanium oxide
Identifiers
CAS Number	12049-50-2 ;
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
ChemSpider	17340234 ;
PubChem CID	16212381;
RTECS number	XR2568666;
UNII	6RX87EZD0Z ;
	InChI InChI=1S/Ca.3O.Ti/q+2;;2-1; Key: AOWKSNWVBZGMTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ; InChI=1/Ca.3O.Ti/q+2;;2-1;/rCa.O3Ti/c;1-4(2)3/q+2;-2 Key: AOWKSNWVBZGMTJ-SLQOSCGQAQ;
	SMILES [Ca+2].[O-] [Ti]([O-])=O;
Properties
Chemical formula	CaTiO3
Molar mass	135.943 g/mol
Appearance	white powder
Density	4.1 g/cm3
Melting point	1,975 °C (3,587 °F; 2,248 K)
Boiling point	3,000 °C (5,430 °F; 3,270 K)
Solubility in water	insoluble
Hazards
	Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
LD50 (median dose)	>1200 mg/kg (oral, rat)
Thermochemistry
Std molar; entropy (So298)	93.64 J/mol·K
Std enthalpy of; formation (ΔfH⦵298)	-1660.630 kJ/mol
Gibbs free energy (ΔfG˚)	-1575.256 kJ/mol
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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	Infobox references

Calcium titanate is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula CaTiO₃. As a mineral, it is called perovskite, named after Russian mineralogist, L. A. Perovski (1792-1856). It is a colourless, diamagnetic solid, although the mineral is often coloured owing to impurities.

Synthesis

CaTiO₃ can be prepared by the combination of CaO and TiO₂ at temperatures >1300 °C. Sol-gel processes has been used to make a more pure substance, as well as lowering the synthesis temperature. These compounds synthesized are more compressible due to the powders from the sol-gel process as well and bring it closer to its calculated density (~4.04 g/ml).^[2]

Structure

Main page: Physics:Perovskite (structure)

Calcium titanate is obtained as orthorhombic crystals, more specifically perovskite structure.^[3] In this motif, the Ti(IV) centers are octahedral and the Ca²⁺ centers occupy a cage of 12 oxygen centres. Many useful materials adopt related structures, e.g. barium titanate or variations of the structure, e.g. yttrium barium copper oxide.^{[citation needed]}

Applications

Calcium titanate has relatively little value except as one of the ores of titanium, together with several others. It is reduced to give titanium metal or ferrotitanium alloys.^[4]

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Robie, R. A.; Hemmingway, B. S.; Fisher, J. R. (1978). "Thermodynamic properties of minerals and related substances at 298.15 K and 1 bar pressure and at higher temperature". Geol. Surv. Bull.: 1452. doi:10.3133/b1452. Bibcode: 1978BUSGS.....1452R. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1114954/m2/1/high_res_d/report.pdf.
↑ Dunn, Bruce; Zink, Jeffrey I. (September 2007). "Sol–Gel Chemistry and Materials". Accounts of Chemical Research 40 (9): 729. doi:10.1021/ar700178b. PMID 17874844.
↑ Buttner, R. H.; Maslen, E. N. (1 October 1992). "Electron difference density and structural parameters in CaTiO3". Acta Crystallographica Section B 48 (5): 644–649. doi:10.1107/S0108768192004592.
↑ Sibum, Heinz; Güther, Volker; Roidl, Oskar; Habashi, Fathi; Wolf, Hans Uwe (2000). "Titanium, Titanium Alloys, and Titanium Compounds". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. doi:10.1002/14356007.a27_095. ISBN 978-3-527-30673-2.

External links

Crystal structure of CaTiO₃

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[usgs-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Robie, R. A.; Hemmingway, B. S.; Fisher, J. R. (1978). "Thermodynamic properties of minerals and related substances at 298.15 K and 1 bar pressure and at higher temperature". Geol. Surv. Bull.: 1452. doi:10.3133/b1452. Bibcode: 1978BUSGS.....1452R. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1114954/m2/1/high_res_d/report.pdf.

[2] Dunn, Bruce; Zink, Jeffrey I. (September 2007). "Sol–Gel Chemistry and Materials". Accounts of Chemical Research 40 (9): 729. doi:10.1021/ar700178b. PMID 17874844.

[3] Buttner, R. H.; Maslen, E. N. (1 October 1992). "Electron difference density and structural parameters in CaTiO3". Acta Crystallographica Section B 48 (5): 644–649. doi:10.1107/S0108768192004592.

[4] Sibum, Heinz; Güther, Volker; Roidl, Oskar; Habashi, Fathi; Wolf, Hans Uwe (2000). "Titanium, Titanium Alloys, and Titanium Compounds". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. doi:10.1002/14356007.a27_095. ISBN 978-3-527-30673-2.