The following is a list of the Intel x86 processor families by year of creation:
x86-16
x86-32
- (1985) 80386
- (1989) 80486
- (1993) Pentium
- (1995) Pentium Pro
- (1997) Pentium II
- (1999) Pentium III
- (2000) Pentium 4
- (2003) Pentium M
- (2006) Core
x86-64
Starting with Intel Core 2, Intel started releasing processors with different tradeoffs between wattage and performance, to better support mobile and desktop devices. Presumably the x86 architectures order from lowest-wattage to highest-performance was denoted with the following brands: Atom, Celeron, Pentium, i3,i5,i7, Xeon, and i9, where atom was the lowest-wattage/lowest-performance and i9 was the highest-performance/highest-power CPU. Initially, the i-nomenclature included both desktop and mobile versions, but later the mobile CPUs were renamed using m-nomenclature: m3, m5, and m7 making the lineup: m3, m5, m7, Atom, Celeron, Pentium, i3, i5, i7, Xeon, i9.
| Year
|
Transistor
|
CPU Family
|
| 2006
|
65 nm
|
Core-2
|
| 2008
|
45 nm
|
Intel Core gen1 (Nehalem)
|
| 2011
|
32 nm
|
Intel Core gen2 (SandyBridge)
|
| 2012
|
22 nm
|
Intel Core gen3 (IvyBridge))
|
| 2013
|
22 nm
|
Intel Core gen4 (Haswell)
|
| 2015
|
14 nm
|
Intel Core gen5 (Broadwell)
|
| 2015
|
14 nm
|
Intel Core gen6 (SkyLake)
|
| 2016
|
14 nm
|
Intel Core gen7 (KabyLake)
|
| 2017
|
10 nm
|
Intel Core gen8 (CannonLake)
|
| 2019
|
10 nm
|
Intel Core gen9 (IceLake)
|
| 2020
|
TBD nm
|
Intel Core gen10 (TigerLake)
|
x86 assembly topics |
|---|
| Topics |
- Assembly language
- Comparison of assemblers
- Disassembler
- Instruction set
- Low-level programming language
- Machine code
- Microassembler
- x86 assembly language
|
|---|
| Assemblers |
- A86/A386
- Flat Assembler (FASM)
- GNU Assembler (GAS)
- High Level Assembly (HLA)
- Microsoft Macro Assembler (MASM)
- Netwide Assembler (NASM)
- Turbo Assembler (TASM)
- Open Watcom Assembler (WASM)
|
|---|
Programming issues |
- Call stack
- Flags
- Carry flag
- Direction flag
- Interrupt flag
- Overflow flag
- Zero flag
- Opcode
- Program counter
- Processor register
- Calling conventions
- Instruction listings
- Registers
|
|---|
Instruction set extensions |
|---|
| SIMD (RISC) |
- Alpha
- ARM
- MIPS
- MDMX
- MIPS-3D
- MXU
- MIPS SIMD
- PA-RISC
- Power ISA
- SPARC
|
|---|
| SIMD (x86) |
- MMX (1996)
- 3DNow! (1998)
- SSE (1999)
- SSE2 (2001)
- SSE3 (2004)
- SSSE3 (2006)
- SSE4 (2006)
- SSE5
(2007)
- AVX (2008)
- F16C (2009)
- XOP (2009)
- FMA (FMA4: 2011, FMA3: 2012)
- AVX2 (2013)
- AVX-512 (2015)
|
|---|
| Bit manipulation |
- BMI (ABM: 2007, BMI1: 2012, BMI2: 2013, TBM: 2012)
- ADX (2014)
|
|---|
| Compressed instructions | |
|---|
| Security and cryptography |
- AES-NI (2008); 32- and 64-bit ARMv8 also has AES instructions
- CLMUL (2010)
- RDRAND (2012)
- SHA (2013)
- MPX (2015)
- SGX (2015)
|
|---|
| Transactional memory | |
|---|
| Virtualization | |
|---|
Suspended extensions' dates have been struck through. |
Intel |
|---|
| Subsidiaries |
- 3Dlabs
- Altera
- Intel Security
- Mobileye
- Recon Instruments
- Virtutech
- Wind River Systems
|
|---|
| Joint ventures |
- 4Group Holdings (50% owned by Technicolor SA)
- McAfee (49%)
|
|---|
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