List Of Gemstones By Species

Short description: none

This is a list of gemstones, organized by species and type.

Minerals

There are over 300 types of minerals that have been used as gemstones. These include:

A–B

Actinolite
- Nephrite (var.)
Adamite
Aegirine
Afghanite
Agrellite
Algodonite
Alunite
Amblygonite
Analcime
Anatase
Andalusite
- Chiastolite
Andesine
Anglesite
Anhydrite
Annabergite
Anorthite
Antigorite
- Bowenite
Apatite
Apophyllite
Aragonite
Arfvedsonite
Asbestos
Astrophyllite
Atacamite
Augelite
Austinite
Axinite group:
- Ferroaxinite
- Magnesioaxinite
- Manganaxinite
- Tinzenite
Azurmalachite
Azurite
Baryte
Bastnaesite
Bayldonite
Benitoite
Beryl subgroup:
- Aquamarine
  - Maxixe
- Emerald
- Goshenite
- Golden beryl
- Heliodor
- Morganite
- Red beryl (Bixbite)
Beryllonite
Beudantite
Bismutotantalite
Biotite
Boleite
Boracite
Bornite
Brazilianite
Breithauptite
Brookite
Brucite
Bustamite
Bytownite

C–F

Calcite
- Manganoan calcite (var.)
Caledonite
Canasite
Cancrinite
- Vishnevite
Carletonite
Carnallite
Cassiterite
Catapleiite
Cavansite
Celestite
Ceruleite
Cerussite
Chabazite
Chalcopyrite
Chambersite
Charlesite
Charoite
Childrenite
Chiolite
Chondrodite
Chrysoberyl
- Alexandrite (var.)
- Cymophane
Chromite
Chrysocolla
Chrysotile
Cinnabar
Clinochlore
Clinohumite
Clinozoisite
Clintonite
Cobaltite
Colemanite
Cordierite
- Iolite (var.)
Cornwallite
Corundum
- Ruby (var.)
- Sapphire (var.)
  - Padparadscha
- Golden sheen sapphire
Covellite
Creedite
Crocoite
Cryolite
Cuprite
Danburite
Datolite
Descloizite
Diamond
- Bort
  - Ballas
Diaspore
Dickinsonite
Diopside
Dioptase
Dolomite
Dumortierite
Ekanite
Elbaite
Emerald
- Trapiche emerald (var.)
Enstatite
- Bronzite
- Hypersthene
Eosphorite
Epidote
- Piemontite
Erythrite
Esperite
Ettringite
Euclase
Eudialyte
Euxenite
Fayalite
Feldspar subgroup:
- Andesine
- Albite
- Anorthite
- Anorthoclase
- Amazonite
- Bytownite
- Celsian
- Microcline
- Moonstone
  - Adularia (var.)
  - Rainbow (var.)
- Orthoclase
  - Unakite
- Plagioclase
  - Albite
  - Labradorite
  - Oligoclase
- Sanidine
- Sunstone
  - Oregon sunstone
  - Rainbow lattice sunstone
Fergusonite
Ferroaxinite
Fluorapatite
Fluorapophyllite
Fluorite
Forsterite
Friedelite

G–L

Gadolinite
Gahnite
Gahnospinel
Garnet group:
- Pyralspite
  - Almandine
  - Pyrope
  - Spessartine
- Ugrandite
  - Andradite
    - Demantoid
    - Melanite
    - Topazolite
  - Grossular
    - Hessonite
    - Hydrogrossular
    - Tsavorite
  - Uvarovite
- Almandine-pyrope
  - Rhodolite
- Andradite-grossular
  - Grandite (Mali garnet)
- Pyrope-almandine-spessartine
  - Malaia garnet
- Pyrope-spessartine
  - Umbalite
Gaspeite
Gaylussite
Gibbsite
Glaucophane
Goethite
Goosecreekite
Grandidierite
Gypsum
Gyrolite
Halite
Hambergite
Hanksite
Hardystonite
Hauyne
Helenite
Hematite
Hemimorphite
Herderite
Hexagonite
Hibonite
Hiddenite
Hodgkinsonite
Holtite
Howlite
Huebnerite
Humite
Hureaulite
Hurlbutite
Hyperitdiabas
Ilmenite
Inderite
Jade
- Jadeite
  - Chloromelanite
- Nephrite
Jasper
Jeremejevite
Kainite
Kämmererite
Kaolinite
Kornerupine
Kutnohorite
Kurnakovite
Kyanite
Langbeinite
Lawsonite
Lazulite
Lazurite
Legrandite
Lepidolite
Leucite
Leucophanite
Linarite
Lizardite
Londonite
Ludlamite
Ludwigite

M–Q

Magnesite
Malachite
Marialite-meionite
- Wernerite (var.)
Marcasite
Meliphanite
Mellite
Mesolite
Microcline
Microlite
Milarite
Millerite
Mimetite
Monazite
Mordenite
Mottramite
Muscovite
- Fuchsite (var.)
Musgravite
Nambulite
Narsarsukite
Natrolite
Nepheline
Neptunite
Nickeline (Niccolite)
Nosean
Nuummite
Olivine
Opal
- Fire opal
- Moss opal
Painite
Palygorskite
Papagoite
Pargasite
Parisite
Pectolite
- Larimar
Pentlandite
Peridot
Periclase
Perthite
Petalite (castorite)
Pezzottaite
Phenakite
Phlogopite
Phosgenite
Phosphophyllite
Phosphosiderite
Piemontite
Pietersite
Plumbogummite
Pollucite
Polyhalite
Poudretteite
Powellite
Prehnite
Prismatine
Prosopite
Proustite
Psilomelane
Pumpellyite
- Chlorastrolite (var.)
Purpurite
Pyrite
Pyrargyrite
Pyromorphite
Pyrophyllite
Pyroxmangite
Pyrrhotite
Quartz
- Amethyst (var.)
- Ametrine (var.)
- Aventurine (var.)
- Chalcedony (var.)
  - Agate
    - Iris agate
    - Onyx
    - Sardonyx
  - Bloodstone (Heliotrope)
  - Carnelian
  - Chrome chalcedony
  - Chrysoprase
  - Dendritic agate
    - Moss agate
  - Fire agate (iridescent var.)
  - Jasper
  - Petrified wood
  - Sard
- Citrine (var.)
- Druzy (var.)
- Flint (var.)
- Herkimer diamond (var.)
- Milky quartz (var.)
- Prasiolite (var.)
- Radiolarite (var.)
- Rose quartz (var.)
- Rock crystal (var.)
- Shocked quartz (var.)
- Smoky quartz (var.)
Quartzite

R–Z

Realgar
Rhodizite
Rhodochrosite
Rhodonite
Richterite
Riebeckite
- Crocidolite (var.)
Rosasite
Rutile
Samarskite
Sanidine
Sapphirine
Sarcolite
Scapolite
- Marialite
- Meionite
Scheelite
Schizolite
Scorodite
Selenite
Sellaite
Senarmontite
Sepiolite (Meerschaum)
Sérandite
Seraphinite
Serendibite
Serpentine subgroup
- Antigorite
- Bowenite
- Chrysotile
- Lizardite
- Stichtite
Shattuckite
Shigaite
Shortite
Shungite
Siderite
Sillimanite
Simpsonite
Sinhalite
Smaltite
Smithsonite
Sodalite
- Hackmanite (var.)
Sogdianite
Sperrylite
Spessartite
Sphalerite
Spinel
- Ceylonite (var.)
Spodumene
- Hiddenite (var.)
- Kunzite (var.)
- Triphane (var.)
Spurrite
Staurolite
Stibiotantalite
Stichtite
Stolzite
Strontianite
Strontium titanate
Sulfur
Sugilite
- Bustamite (var.)
- Richterite (var.)
Sylvite
Taaffeite
Talc
Tantalite
Tektites
- Moldavite
Tephroite
Thomsonite
Thaumasite
Tinaksite
Titanite (sphene)
Topaz
Tourmaline subgroup:
- Achroite (var.)
- Chrome (var.)
- Dravite
- Elbaite
- Fluor-liddicoatite
- Indicolite
- Olenite
- Paraiba (var.)
- Rossmanite
- Rubellite (var.)
Tremolite
- Hexagonite (var.)
Triphylite
Triplite
Tugtupite
Turquoise
Ulexite
Ussingite
Vanadinite
Variscite
Väyrynenite
Vesuvianite (idocrase)
- Californite (var.)
Villiaumite
Vivianite
Vlasovite
Wardite
Wavellite
Weloganite
Whewellite
Wilkeite
Willemite
Witherite
Wollastonite
Wulfenite
Wurtzite
Xonotlite
Yugawaralite
Zektzerite
Zeolites
- Analcime
- Apophyllite
- Chabazite
- Goosecreekite
- Natrolite
- Scolecite
- Stellerite
- Stilbite
- Thomsonite
Zincite
Zinnwaldite
Zircon
- Jacinth (var.)
Zoisite
- Tanzanite (var.)
- Thulite (var.)
Zultanite
Zunyite

Artificial and lab created

There are a number of artificial and lab grown minerals used to produce gemstones. These include:

Lab alexandrite
Lab corundum
Cubic zirconia
Lab diamond
Lab emerald
Fordite
Gadolinium gallium garnet
Lab moissanite
Synthetic opal
Metal-coated crystals hyped as rainbow quartz
Lab spinel
Synthetic turquoise
Terbium gallium garnet
Trinitite
Yttrium aluminium garnet
Yttrium iron garnet

Organic

There are a number of organic materials used as gems, including:

Amber
Ammolite
- Ammonoidea
Bone
Copal
Coral
Ivory
Jet
Nacre (Mother of pearl)
Operculum
Pearl
Seashell

Rocks

Some rocks are used as gems, including:

Anthracite
Anyolite
Bauxite
Concretions
Bloodstone (Heliotrope)
Eilat stone
Epidosite
Glimmerite
Goldstone (glittering glass)
Hawk's eye
Helenite (artificial glass made from volcanic ash)
Iddingsite
Kimberlite
Lamproite
Lapis lazuli
Libyan desert glass
Llanite
Maw sit sit
Moldavite
Obsidian
Apache tears
Pallasite
Peridotite (also known as olivinite)
Siilinjärvi carbonatite
Soapstone (also known as steatite)
Tactite
Tiger's eye
Unakite

Chatoyant gems

Some minerals made into gemstones may display a chatoyancy or cat's eye effect, these include:^[1]

Actinolite
Andalusite
Apatite
Beryl
- Aquamarine
- Emerald
- Heliodor
- Morganite
Beryllium
Beryllonite
Calcite
Cerussite
Chrysoberyl
Danburite
Diaspore
Diopside
Enstatite
Garnet
Grandidierite
Hawk's eye
Hypersthene
Iolite
Kornerupine
Kunzite
Kyanite
Moonstone
Opal
Peridot
Peristerite (Albite variety)
Pezzottaite
Phenakite
Prasiolite
Prehnite
Quartz
Rhodonite
Rutile
Scapolite
Selenite
Serpentine
- Antigorite
- Bowenite
Sillimanite
Smoky Quartz
Spinel
Sunstone
Tanzanite
Tiger's Eye
Topaz
Tourmaline
Ulexite
Zircon

Asterism

Corundum
- Ruby
- Sapphire

References

↑ Walter Schumann, Gemstones of the World, 5th edition, 2013 ISBN:978-1454909538