List Of Private Spaceflight Companies

From Handwiki
Short description: None

Private spaceflight companies include non-governmental or privately-owned entities focused on developing and/or offering equipment and services geared towards spaceflight, both robotic and human. This list includes both inactive and active entities.

List of abbreviations used in this article

LEO: Low Earth orbit
GTO: Geostationary transfer orbit
HCO: Heliocentric orbit
VTOL: Vertical take-off and landing
SSTO: Single-stage-to-orbit
TSTO: Two-stage-to-orbit
SSTSO: Single-stage-to-sub-orbit

Commercial astronauts

  • Association of Spaceflight Professionals[1][2] — Astronaut training, applied research and development, payload testing and integration, mission planning and operations support (Christopher Altman, Soyeon Yi)[1][3]

Manufacturers of space vehicles

Main page: Astronomy:List of spacecraft manufacturers

Cargo transport vehicles

Company name Spacecraft Launch system Length (m) Dry mass (kg) Launch mass (kg) Payload (kg) Payload volume (m3) Return payload (kg) Diameter (m) Generated power (W) Automated docking Status
SpaceX Dragon Falcon 9 Block 5 6.1 4,200[4] 10,200 6,000[5] pressurized or unpressurized, in any mixture[6] 10.0 (pressurized), plus 14 (unpressurized), or 34 (unpressurized with extended trunk)[7] 3,000 capsule return[8] 3.7 2,000[9] No Retired (21/22)
Dragon 2 Falcon 9 Block 5 8.1 6,400 6,000[5] 10.0 (pressurized), plus 14 (unpressurized) 3,000[5] 3.7 Yes Operational (8/8)
Orbital Cygnus (standard) Antares 110 5.14 1,500[10] 2,000[10] 18.9[10] None 3.07 3,500[11] No Retired (3/4)
Northrop Grumman Innovation Systems Cygnus (enhanced) Antares 230
Atlas V 401
Falcon 9 Block 5 		6.34 1,800[12] 3,500[12] 27[12] None 3.07 No Operational (15/15)
Sierra Nevada Corporation Dream Chaser Cargo System Atlas V
Vulcan[13] 		5,000 pressurized, 500 unpressurized[14] 1,750[14] Yes Development
Planned: 2023

Crew transport vehicles

Orbital

Company name Spacecraft Range Launch
system 		Crew
size 		Length (m) Diameter (m) Launch mass (kg) Power
system 		Generated
power (W) 		First
spaceflight* 		Status
Blue Origin Biconic Space Vehicle LEO New Glenn Planned date not known Development
Boeing CST-100 Starliner LEO Multiple, initially Atlas V 7[15] 5.03[16] 4.56[16] Solar panels Planned: First Crewed 2023
(First Uncrewed: 20 December 2019, Second Uncrewed: 19 May 2022) 		Testing

(2/3)

Sierra Nevada Corporation Dream Chaser Space System LEO Multiple, initially Vulcan Centaur 7[17][18] 9[19] 11,300[20] 2026[21] Development
SpaceX Dragon 2 LEO Falcon 9 Block 5 7[note 1] 8.1[22] 3.7[23] Solar Crewed: May 30, 2020
(Uncrewed: 2 March 2019) 		Operational (11/11)
Starship Mars[24][note 2] Super Heavy <=100 50[24] 9[24][note 3] 1,335,000[24] Solar panels Planned: First Crewed date not known (First Uncrewed: 20 April 2023) Testing

(0/2)

* - Format: Crewed (Uncrewed), includes failures
  1. ↑ Number of seats will be 4 for crew member rotations for the ISS
  2. ↑ Although designed to be capable of flying to anywhere in the solar system, this vehicle's intended maximum range is Mars
  3. ↑ Plus fins/legs

Suborbital

Company name Spacecraft Range Launch
system 		Crew
size 		Length (m) Diameter (m) Launch mass (kg) First
spaceflight* 		Status
Scaled Composites SpaceShipOne 100 km (62 mi) White Knight 1 8.53 8.05 3,600 21 June 2004 Retired (3/3)[note 1]
Blue Origin New Shepard Crew Capsule 114 km (71 mi) (capsule, using the launch escape system motor) New Shepard 6 3.6 Crewed: July 20, 2021

(Uncrewed: April 29, 2015)

Operational (8/8)
The Spaceship Company SpaceShipTwo 110 km (68 mi) White Knight Two 8 (2 Pilots, 6 Passengers) 18.3 8.3 9,740 13 December 2018 Testing (10/11)[note 2]
Copenhagen Suborbitals[note 3] Tycho Deep Space 105 km (65 mi)
 Spica 1 13 0.955 4,000 Planned date not known Development
PD AeroSpace (Unknown) 110 km (68 mi)[25] (Unknown) 8 (6 passengers, 2 pilots) 14.8[26] >6,000 Planned date not known Development
World View Explorer Capsule 30 km (19 mi) Stratospheric Balloon 10 (8 passengers, 1 pilot, 1 concierge) 5.5 4,500 Planned 2024 Development
* - Format: Crewed (Uncrewed), includes failures
  1. ↑ Does not include crewed atmospheric flights
  2. ↑ Does not include powered flights not intended to reach space
  3. ↑ Denmark's amateur human space program.

Launch vehicle manufacturers

Further information: Engineering:List of orbital launch systems
Company name Launcher
name 		Launcher
type 		No. of
stages 		Maximum
reach 		Launcher
status 		Maiden
flight 		Ref
ABL Space Systems RS1 Light rocket 2 LEO Operational (0/1) 10 January 2023 [27]
Agnikul Cosmos Agnibaan Light rocket 2 LEO Development Unknown
ARCA Space Haas 2b Suborbital crewed rocket 1 Suborbital Cancelled — [28]
Haas 2CA Light rocket 1 LEO Cancelled — [29]
Super Haas Medium rocket 2 LEO Proposed Unknown [30]
EcoRocket Demonstrator Reusable light rocket 3 LEO Development 2022 (planned) [31]
EcoRocket Heavy Heavy rocket 3 Deep space Proposed Unknown [31]
Australian Space Research Institute AUSROC Nano Light rocket 2 LEO Development Unknown [32]
Astra Space Astra Rocket 1 Sounding rocket 2 Suborbital Retired (0/1) 2018 [33][34][35]
Astra Rocket 2 Sounding rocket 2 Suborbital Retired (0/1) 2018 [36]
Astra Rocket 3 Light rocket 2 LEO Retired (2/5) 2020 [37][38]
Astra Rocket 4 Light rocket 2 LEO Development 2023 (planned) [39][40]
SALVO Light rocket 2 LEO Cancelled — [41][42][43]
Bellatrix Aerospace Chetak Light rocket 2 LEO Development 2023 (planned)
Blue Origin New Shepard Reusable suborbital rocket 1 Suborbital Operational (22/23) 2015
New Glenn Reusable heavy rocket 2 or 3 GTO Development 2023 (planned) [44][45][46]
New Armstrong Reusable super-heavy rocket 3 HCO Proposed ~2030 (proposed)
BluShift Aerospace Stardust Reusable sounding rocket 1 Suborbital Operational (1/1) 2020
Starless Rogue Sounding rocket 2 Suborbital Development Unknown
Brown Dwarf Sounding rocket 2 or 3 Suborbital Cancelled —
Red Dwarf Light rocket 3 LEO Development Q2 2024 (planned)
Borneo SubOrbitals TBA Sounding rocket 2 or 3 Suborbital Development 2022 (planned) [47][48][49]
Canadian Arrow Canadian Arrow Suborbital crewed rocket 2 Suborbital Cancelled — [50]
CubeCab Cab-3A Light rocket 3 + airplane LEO Proposed Unknown [51][52]
Datiotec Aeroespacial / INMEU A.C. JFCR.2000-Pollux Sounding rocket 1 Suborbital Development Unknown [53][54]
Evolution Space Gold Chain Cowboy Sounding Rocket 1 Suborbital Development 2023 [55][56]
Exos Aerospace SARGE Reusable sounding rocket 1 Suborbital Operational (3/4) 2018 [57][58]
Exela Space Industries Aims-1 Sounding Rocket 1 Suborbital Cancelled — [59]
Equatorial Space Systems Volans Light Rocket 3 LEO Development Unknown [60]
Dorado Sounding Rocket 1 or 2 Suborbital Development 2023 (planned) [61]
LAD Sounding Rocket 1 Suborbital Retired (1/1) 2020 [62]
Firefly Aerospace Firefly Alpha Light rocket 2 LEO Operational (1/2) 2021 [63]
Firefly MLV Light rocket 2 LEO Development 2025 (planned) [64]
General Astronautics Urania Medium rocket 3 LEO Cancelled — [65][66]
Gilmour Space Technologies RASTA Sounding rocket 1 Suborbital Retired (1/1) 2016 [67]
Eris Light rocket 3 LEO Development April 2023 (Planned) [67]
Generation Orbit X-60A (GOLauncher 1) Air-launched sounding rocket 1 + airplane Suborbital Development Unknown [68][69]
GOLauncher 2 Air-launch-to-orbit 2 + airplane LEO Development Unknown
Independence-X Aerospace DNLV (Dedicated Nano Launch Vehicle) Light rocket 2 LEO Development 2023 (planned) [70][71]
Interorbital Systems NEPTUNE N series Light rocket 3–4 LEO Development Unknown [72][73]
NEPTUNE N36 Light rocket 4 TLI Proposed Unknown [72][73]
Neptune TSAAHTO Medium rocket 2½ TLI Proposed Unknown [72]
Interstellar Technologies Momo Sounding rocket 1 Suborbital Operational (3/7) 2017 [74][75]
Isar Aerospace Spectrum Light rocket 2 LEO Development H2 2023 (planned) [76]
Launcher Light Light rocket 2 LEO Cancelled — [77]
Leaf Space Primo Light rocket 2 LEO Proposed Unknown [78][79]
Lin Industrial Taymyr Light rocket 3 LEO Development Unknown [80][81]
Lockheed Martin VentureStar Reusable spaceplane 1 LEO Cancelled — [82]
Athena Medium rocket 2 or 3 TLI Retired (5/7) 1995
Mishaal Aerospace M-SV Sounding rocket 1 Suborbital Development Unknown [83][84][85]
M-OV Light rocket 1 + 6 Boosters LEO Development Unknown [83][84][86]
M-LV Light rocket 1 + 8 boosters TLI Development Unknown [83][84][87]
OneSpace OS-X Sounding rocket 2 Suborbital Operational (2/2) 2018 [88]
OS-M1 Light rocket 3 LEO Operational (0/1) 2019 [89]
OS-M2 Light rocket 3 + 2 boosters LEO Development Unknown [90]
OS-M4 Light rocket 3 + 4 boosters LEO Development Unknown [91]
Orbex Prime Light rocket 2 LEO Development 2023 (planned) [92]
OrbitX Haribon SLS-1 Light rocket 2 LEO Development 2023–2024 (planned)
Outerstellar Space Crocoship Medium rocket 1 LEO Development 2040 (planned) [93]
Northrop Grumman Innovation Systems Antares Medium rocket 3 LEO Operational (15/16) 2013 [94]
Minotaur-C, formerly Taurus Light rocket 4 LEO Operational (7/10) 1994 [95][96][97]
Pegasus Air-launch-to-orbit 3-4 + airplane HEO Operational (40/45) 1990
Omega Medium rocket 3 + 0-6 boosters GEO Cancelled (Was planned for 2021) [98]
Orbital Transport & Raketen AG OTRAG Medium rocket variable LEO (designed)
Suborbital (achieved) 		Retired (15/18) 1977 [99]
Perigee Aerospace Blue Whale 1 Light rocket 2 LEO Development Unknown [100][101]
PLD Space Miura 1 Sounding rocket 1 Suborbital Operational (1/1) 6 October 2023 [102][103][104][105] [106]
Miura 5 Light rocket 3 LEO Development 2024 (planned) [105]
Relativity Space Terran 1 Light rocket 2 LEO Retired (0/1) 23 March 2023
Terran R Reusable medium rocket 2 Deep space Development 2024 (planned) [107]
Rocket Crafters Intrepid-1 Light rocket 2 LEO Development Unknown [108][109]
Rocket Lab Ātea-1 Sounding rocket 2 Suborbital Retired (1/1) 2009 [110][111]
Ātea-2 Sounding rocket 2 Suborbital Cancelled — [112]
Electron Reusable light rocket 2 TLI Operational (34/37) 2017 [113]
Neutron Medium rocket 2 GTO Development 2024 (planned) [114][115]
RocketStar Star-Lord Light rocket 2 LEO Development Unknown [116]
Rocket Factory Augsburg RFA One Light rocket 3 LEO Development 2023 (planned) [117][118][76]
Skyroot Aerospace Vikram S Sounding rocket 3 LEO Operational 2022 November 18 [119]
Vikram-II Light rocket 3 LEO Development Unknown
Vikram-III Light rocket 3 LEO Development Unknown
Skyrora Skyrora 1 Sounding rocket 1 Suborbital Development Unknown [120][121][122]
Skylark Micro Sounding rocket 2 Suborbital Operational (1/1) 2021 [123]
Skylark L Sounding rocket 1 Suborbital Development 2022 (planned) [124][125]
Skyrora XL Light rocket 3 LEO Development 2023 (planned) [126][127][128][129]
SpaceForest Bigos Sounding rocket 1 Suborbital Operational (5/5) 2015 [130]
Candle-2 Sounding rocket 1 Suborbital Operational (1/1) 2016 [131][132][133]
Perun Sounding rocket 1 Suborbital Operational (1/1) 2020[134] [135]
SIR (Suborbital Inexpensive Rocket) Sounding rocket 1 Suborbital Development 2022 (planned) [130][136]
Space Services Inc. Percheron Sounding rocket 1 Suborbital Cancelled — [137]
Conestoga 1620 Medium rocket 4 LEO (designed)
Suborbital (achieved) 		Retired (0/1) 1995 [137]
SpaceLS Prometheus-1 Light rocket 2 LEO Development Unknown [138][139]
Space Pioneer Tiansuo-1 Vertical landing test stage 1 Suborbital Development Unknown [140]
Tianlong-1 Light rocket LEO Development Unknown [140]
SpaceX Falcon 1 Light rocket 2 LEO Retired (2/5) 2006 [141]
Falcon 1e Light rocket 2 LEO Cancelled — [141]
Falcon 5 Medium rocket 2 GTO Cancelled — [142]
Falcon 9 v1.0 Medium rocket 2 GTO (designed)
LEO (achieved) 		Retired (5/5) 2010 [143]
Falcon 9 v1.1 Medium rocket 2 HCO Retired (14/15) 2013 [143]
Falcon 9 Full Thrust
Block 1-4 		Reusable medium rocket /
Heavy rocket (expendable) 		2 TMI[144] Retired (36/36) 2015 [143]
Falcon 9 Block 5 Reusable medium rocket /
Heavy rocket (expendable) 		2 TMI[144] Operational (57/57) 2018 [145][146]
Falcon Heavy Reusable heavy rocket /
Super-heavy rocket (expendable) 		2 + 2 boosters Deep space (Pluto)[147] Operational (3/3) 2018 [143][148]
Starship Super-Heavy Reusable super-heavy rocket 2 Deep space Testing (0/2) 2023
Stoke Space Nova Reusable light rocket 2 LEO Development Unknown [149]
Success Rockets Nebo 1 Ultralight rocket 1 Suborbital Operational (1/1) December 2021 [150]
Stalker Ultralight rocket 2 LEO Development 2024 [151]
United Launch Alliance Atlas V Medium rocket 2 + 0-5 boosters TMI Operational (96/97) 2002 [152]
Delta II 6000 Medium rocket 2-3 + 9 boosters GTO Retired (17/17) 1989 [153]
Delta II 7000 Light rocket 2-3 + 3, 4 or 9 boosters GTO Retired (130/132) 1990 [153]
Delta II 7000H Medium rocket 2-3 + 9 boosters TMI Retired (6/6) 2003 [153]
Delta IV Medium rocket 2 + 0, 2 or 4 boosters GTO Retired (29/29) 2003 [154]
Delta IV Heavy Heavy rocket 2 + 2 boosters GTO Operational (13/14) 2004 [155]
Vulcan Heavy rocket 2 + 0-6 boosters GTO Operational (1/1) 2024 [156][157]
UP Aerospace Skyloft/Skyloft XL Sounding rocket 1 Suborbital Operational (18/19) 2006
Spyder Light rocket 2 LEO Development 2023
Vector Launch Vector-R Light rocket 2 LEO Development 2023 (2 prototype launches in 2017)
Vector-RE1 Light rocket 2 or 3 LEO Cancelled —
Vector-H Light rocket 2 LEO Cancelled —
Vector-HE1 Light rocket 2 or 3 LEO Cancelled —
Virgin Orbit LauncherOne Air-launch-to-orbit 2 + airplane LEO Retired (4/6) 2020 (First successful attempt Jan 2021) [158]
X-Bow Systems Bolt Light rocket 1 LEO Development July 2022 [159][160]
Zero2infinity Bloostar Rockoon system (high-altitude balloon and space launcher) 3 + high-altitude balloon LEO Development Unknown [161]

Landers, rovers and orbiters

Company name Craft name Craft type Craft status Ref
ARCASPACE ELE (European Lunar Explorer) lunar orbiter Development [162]
Astrobotic Technology Red Rover lunar rover Development [163]
Griffin (previously Artemis Lander) lunar lander Development [164]
Peregrine Lander lunar lander Retired [165][166]
Blue Origin Blue Moon lunar lander Development
Integrated Lander Vehicle crewed lunar lander Development
Dynetics Dynetics HLS lunar lander Development
Euroluna ROMIT lunar rover Cancelled [167]
Golden Spike Company
(defunct) 		unnamed crewed lunar lander Cancelled [168]
Hakuto Sorato lunar rover Development [169][170]
Tetris lunar rover Cancelled [171]
Independence-X Aerospace SQUALL (Scientific Quest Unmanned Autonomous Lunar Lander) lunar lander Cancelled [172]
Interorbital Systems RIPPER (Robotic InterPlanetary Prospector Excavator Retriever) lunar lander Development [173]
Intuitive Machines Nova-C lander, and Universal Reentry Vehicle (URV)[174] lunar lander; reusable orbital vehicle Development [175]
Lunar Mission One unnamed lunar lander Proposed (2014) [176]
Masten Space Systems XEUS lunar lander Negotiating [164]
Masten Space Systems XL-1 lunar lander Development [177]
Moon Express MX-1 lunar lander Testing [164][178]
Odyssey Moon MoonOne (M-1) lunar rover Cancelled [179]
Omega Envoy Sagan lunar rover Cancelled [180]
OrbitBeyond Z-01 lunar landers and rovers Proposed (2018) [181][182]
PTScientists Audi Lunar quattro lunar rover Testing [183]
PTScientists ALINA (Autonomous Landing and Navigation Module) lunar lander Development [184]
Puli Space Technologies Puli lunar rover Fundraising [185]
Roscosmos Luna 25 lunar lander Crashed [186]
SpaceX Starship crewed mars lander Development
Starship HLS crewed lunar lander Development
Team FREDNET Picorover lunar rover Cancelled [187]
Team Italia AMALIA (Ascensio Machinae Ad Lunam Italica Arte) lunar rover Cancelled [188]
Team Indus HHK-1 lunar lander Development
Team Indus ECA lunar rover Development
TransOrbital TrailBlazer lunar orbiter Cancelled [189]
Team Plan B Plan B lunar rover Cancelled
Spacebit Asagumo lunar rover Testing [190][191]
Space IL Beresheet lunar lander Crashed upon landing
Space Explration Corp Defiant lunar lander Cancelled [192]
Synergy Moon Tesla lunar rover Development [193]

Research craft and tech demonstrators

Further information: Engineering:List of sounding rockets
Company name Craft name Craft purpose Craft status Ref
ARCA Demonstrator 2b demonstrate reusable monopropellant engine Retired
Armadillo Aerospace Quad demonstrate VTOL Retired
ASRI AUSROC I systems Testing Retired
AUSROC II payload to 10 km Retired
AUSROC 2.5 systems Testing Testing
AUSROC III payload of 150 kg to 500 km Development
Blue Origin Goddard demonstrate VTOL Retired
Deep Blue Aerospace Nebula-1 demonstrate VTOL Development [194]
Evolution Space Gold Chain Cowboy systems testing, payload to 124 km Development [195]
Interorbital Systems Neutrino systems Testing Operational
Tachyon systems Testing Operational [196]
Lockheed Martin X-33 demonstrate SSTO Cancelled
Masten Space Systems XA-0.1 demonstrate VTOL Retired
XA-0.1B Lunar Lander Challenge Level 1 Operational
XA-0.1E Lunar Lander Challenge Level 2, commercial precursor flights Retired (12 flights)
XA-0.1E2 commercial flights Destroyed (115 flights)
XA-0.1E4 commercial flights Retired (75 flights)
XA-0.1E5 commercial flights Operational
XL-1T terrestrial test bed for the XL-1 lunar lander Development
Xeus commercial flights Cancelled
McDonnell Douglas DC-X demonstrate VTOL Retired (11 test flights)
Origin Space Yang Wang-1 space mineral resources developer Development [197]
Rotary Rocket Roton ATV demonstrate VTOL Retired (3 test flights)
Space Services Inc. Conestoga I systems Testing Retired (1 test) [137]
SpaceX Grasshopper demonstrate VTOL Retired (8 tests) [198]
F9R Dev1 refine VTOL (low altitude) Destroyed (5 flights) [199]
F9R Dev2 refine VTOL (high altitude) Cancelled
Starhopper demonstrate VTOL Retired (4 test flights)
Starship prototypes demonstrate VTOL Retired (7 test flight)
Swedish Space Corp. Maxus payload to 700 km Operational
Maser payload to 300 km Operational
UP Aerospace SpaceLoft XL payload to 140 km Operational [200]
World View Enterprises Stratollite payload up to 30 km and 300 kg Operational [201][202]
zero2infinity nanobloon 1.0 payload to 32 km Operational [203]
nanobloon 2.0 payload to 33 km Operational
microbloon 1.0 payload to 24 km Operational
microbloon 2.0 payload to 31 km Operational
microbloon 3.0 payload to 27 km Operational

Propulsion manufacturers

Company name Engine Engine type Applications Status Ref
Accion Systems Inc. MAX-1, TILE electrospray ion small satellite/CubeSat Development [204][205]
Ad Astra Rocket Company VASIMR plasma propulsion space tug/orbital transfer vehicle Development [206]
ARCA Executor LOX/RP-1 IAR 111, Haas 2, Haas 2b, Super Haas Development
ArianeGroup Vulcain LH2/LOX Ariane 5/Ariane 6 Main stage Operational
Blue Origin BE-3 LH2/LOX New Shepard Operational
BE-4 LOX/CH4 Vulcan, New Glenn Testing
CU Aerospace PUC microcavity discharge small satellite/CubeSat Development [207][208]
CHIPS resistojet small satellite/CubeSat Development [208][209]
PPT-11 pulsed plasma small satellite/CubeSat Development [210][211]
Exo Terra Resource Halo Hall effect small satellite/CubeSat Development [212]
Firefly Aerospace Reaver LOX/RP-1 Firefly Alpha first stage Operational
Miranda LOX/RP-1 Firefly MLV first stage Development [64]
Reaction Engines Ltd. SABRE hybrid air-breathing/chemical Skylon Development [213]
Rocket Lab Rutherford LOX/RP-1 Electron first stage Operational
Rutherford Vacuum LOX/RP-1 Electron second stage Operational
Archimedes LOX/CH4 Neutron first stage Development [214]
Sierra Space VR35K-A LH2/LOX Upper Stage Development [215][216]
SpaceDev RocketMotorOne hybrid SpaceShipOne Retired [217]
SpaceX Kestrel LOX/RP-1 Falcon 1 second stage Retired
Merlin LOX/RP-1 Falcon 1, Falcon 9, Falcon Heavy first stage/boosters Operational [218][219][147]
Merlin Vacuum LOX/RP-1 Falcon 9 second stage, Falcon Heavy second stage Operational [219][147]
Raptor LOX/CH4 SpaceX Mars transportation infrastructure, Starship, Starship HLS Operational [220]
Virgin Galactic RocketMotorTwo hybrid SpaceShipTwo Operational
Ursa Major Technologies Hadley Jet-A/LOX Hypersonics, Boost Stage, Upper Stage Development [221][222]

Satellite launchers

Company Launch vehicles Notes Refs
Arianespace Ariane, Vega Minority owned by some EU states
Astra Space Rocket 3, Rocket 4 Rocket 3 retired in August 2022 [40]
Firefly Aerospace Firefly Alpha, Firefly MLV
IHI Corporation Epsilon Some R&D by JAXA
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries H-IIA R&D done by JAXA. [223]
Northrop Grumman Innovation Systems Antares, Minotaur Own launchers, funded by NASA
Rocket Lab Neutron, Electron
SpaceX Falcon 9, Falcon Heavy
Sea Launch Zenit Owned by S7 Airlines
United Launch Alliance Atlas V, Delta IV Heavy 50% owned by Lockheed Martin, 50% Boeing
Vaya Space Dauntless [224]

Space-based economy

Space manufacturing

Company name Products Manufacturing craft Status Ref
Shackleton Energy Company propellant, space infrastructure, propellant depot Unknown Defunct (2020) [225]
Made In Space 3D printing in ISS, in-space antenna systems, fiber optics Unknown Operational (2018) [226]
Varda Space Industries building products in space and bringing them back to earth (ex: ZBLAN, 3d printed organs) Unknown Operational (2021) [227]
Deep Space Industries propellant, communications platforms, space solar power satellites MicroGravity Foundry Defunct (2020) [228]
Cosmic Shielding Corporation Space Materials; Multifunctional polymers for spacecraft and habitat structural and shielding components Unknown Operational (2021) [229][230]

Space mining

Company name Body to be mined Mining craft Mining status Ref
AstroForge Near-Earth asteroids Brokrr-1, Odin Development [231]
Deep Space Industries Near-Earth asteroids Prospector-1, Harvestor 1 Defunct (2019) [232][233]
ispace Moon Hakuto-R Development [234][235]
Moon Express Moon MX-1, MX-2, MX-5, MX-9 Development [236]
Planetary Resources Near-Earth asteroids Arkyd Series 100, 200, 300 Cancelled [237]
Shackleton Energy Company Moon TBD Defunct (2020) [225]

Space stations

Private Company name Space Craft name Space Craft type Internal
volume 		Passenger
capacity 		Craft status Orbit Around Ref
Axiom Space Axiom International Commercial Space Station Rigid Module 8[238] Development (2016) Earth [239][240]
Bigelow Aerospace Genesis I subscale test spacecraft Inflatable module 11.5 m3 (406 cu ft)[241] Uncrewed Derelict, on orbit[242] Earth [243]
Genesis II subscale test spacecraft Inflatable module 11.5 m3 (406 cu ft)[244] Uncrewed Derelict, on orbit[242] Earth [245]
Galaxy Inflatable module 16.7 m3 (590 cu ft)[246] Uncrewed Cancelled Earth [247]
Sundancer Inflatable module 180 m3 (6,357 cu ft) 3 Cancelled Earth [248]
BA 330 Inflatable module 330 m3 (11,654 cu ft) 6 Cancelled[249] Earth [250][251][252]
BA 2100 Inflatable module 2,100 m3 (74,161 cu ft) 16 Cancelled[249] Earth [253]
Space Complex Alpha Inflatable space station 690 m3 (24,367 cu ft) 12 Cancelled Earth
Excalibur Almaz Almaz derivative Rigid module 3 Cancelled Earth [254][255][256]
Galactic Suite Ltd. Galactic Suite Rigid module 6 Proposed (2007) Earth [257]
Orion Span Aurora Space Station Rigid module 160 m3 (5,650 cu ft) 6 (2 Crew, 4 Tourists) Proposed (2018) Earth [258][259]
Sierra Nevada Corporation Large Inflatable Fabric Environment Inflatable module 300 m3 (10,594 cu ft) 4 Testing Moon/Mars [260]
Blue Origin Orbital Reef Rigid module 830 m3 (29,311 cu ft)[261] TBA Proposed (2021) Earth [262]

Space settlement

Company name Colony location Status Ref
SpaceX Mars Development [263][264][265]

Spacecraft component developers and manufacturers

Company Products Refs
Altius Space Machines Rendezvous and capture technology for uncooperative satellites; magnetoshell aerocapture and aerobraking technology for CubeSats; lightweight robotic manipulators[when?]
Andrews Space Reusable space vehicles; HTHL spacecraft; magnetorquers[when?]
Alén Space NanoSats and CubeSats [266]
Astranis MicroGEO Satellites
TESBL Aerospace Corporation In-space services; Solar Array Drive Actuators (SADA); microgravity payload integration, (As of 2019) [267]

[268]

Axelspace (ja) CubeSats [269][270]
CesiumAstro Active phased array communications payloads that include RF inter-satellite links as of 2017. [271][272]
Craig Technologies Small satellite deployment services (up to 110 kg); microgravity payload integration[when?] [273]
EADS Astrium Satellites Spacecraft and ground segment elements
EADS Astrium Space Transportation Launchers and orbital infrastructure
Innovative Solutions In Space CubeSat manufacture and operation, (As of 2018) [274]
Made in Space 3D printers for use in microgravity(As of 2013) [275]
Mynaric Laser communication for satellites and aircraft
RUAG Space Antenna Pointing Mechanisms; Solar Array Drive Assembly (SADA); satellite components; launchers and structures (As of 2009) [276]
SpaceDev Small spacecraft; propulsion products and services; space components, mechanisms and structures[when?]
SpaceQuest, Ltd. Spacecraft and spacecraft components[when?]
Xplore Satellite payload transport and hosting in Earth orbit and Beyond Earth orbit (BEO) destinations, including flight to asteroids, Venus, and Mars. Active (As of 2020) [277]
Cosmic Shielding Corporation Radiation Shielding materials for spacecraft and spacesuits; Space Weather Forecasting and Mitigation [229]
ADDMAN Engineering Metallurgy development and production of components including thrusters, injectors, cold plates, hot gas manifolds to space and hypersonic industry, especially refractory metals (Titatnium, Niobium) as of 2020

Spaceliner companies

Company name Contracts for Craft utilised Status Notes Refs
Axiom Space SpaceX Crew Dragon Active SpaceX Axiom Space-1 launched in April 2022 [278][279]
Benson Space Company SpaceDev Dream Chaser Defunct [280]
MirCorp none Soyuz TM, Progress M1 and Mir Defunct Mir deorbited
Space Adventures - Soyuz and the ISS Active 9 tourists sent [281]
RocketShip Tours XCOR Lynx rocketplane Defunct
Virgin Galactic Scaled Composites Spaceship Two, White Knight 2 Active 7 Spaceship Two glide flights successfully completed

See also

  • List of government space agencies
  • List of spacecraft manufacturers including the "traditional space" companies
  • NewSpace
  • Private spaceflight
  • Robert Truax
  • Space industry


References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 "Association of Spaceflight Professionals - H+Pedia" (in en). https://hpluspedia.org/wiki/Association_of_Spaceflight_Professionals. 
  2. ↑ Kisfaludy, Eddie (2012-06-17), Welcome to the World's First Commercial Astronaut Corps, Christopher Altman, Kristine Ferrone, Jose Hurtado, IMDb: Internet Movie Database, https://www.imdb.com/title/tt8234746/, retrieved 2018-07-31 
  3. ↑ Seedhouse, Erik. Astronauts for Hire: The Emergence of the World's First Commercial Astronaut Corps. Springer-Verlag: New York (2012).
  4. ↑ "SpaceX Brochure v7". http://www.spacex.com/SpaceX_Brochure_V7_All.pdf. 
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 SpaceX (1 March 2019). "Dragon". SpaceX. https://www.spacex.com/dragon. 
  6. ↑ Bergin, Chris (19 October 2012). "Dragon enjoying ISS stay, despite minor issues – Falcon 9 investigation begins". NASASpaceflight.com. http://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2012/10/dragon-iss-stay-minor-issues-falcon-9-investigation/. "CRS-2 will debut the use of Dragon’s Trunk section, capable of delivering unpressurized cargo, prior to the payload being removed by the ISS’ robotic assets after berthing." 
  7. ↑ "Fact sheet". http://www.spacex.com/sites/spacex/files/pdf/DragonLabFactSheet.pdf. 
  8. ↑ "Falcon 9 launches Dragon on CRS-1 mission to the ISS – NASASpaceFlight.com". 7 October 2012. http://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2012/10/falcon-9loft-dragon-crs-1-mission-iss-attempt1/. 
  9. ↑ "Dragonlab Datasheet". http://www.spacex.com/downloads/dragonlab-datasheet.pdf. 
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 "Cygnus Fast Sheet". Orbital Sciences Co.. http://www.orbital.com/NewsInfo/Publications/Cygnus_fact.pdf. 
  11. ↑ "The Annual Compendium of Commercial Space Transportation: 2012". Federal Aviation Administration. February 2012. http://www.faa.gov/about/office_org/headquarters_offices/ast/media/The_Annual_Compendium_of_Commercial_Space_Transporation_2012.pdf. 
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 "Cygnus Spacecraft Information". http://www.spaceflight101.com/cygnus-spacecraft-information.html. 
  13. ↑ "NSRC Day 2 Summary". Parabolic Arc. 4 June 2016. http://www.parabolicarc.com/2016/06/03/nsrc-day-2-summary/. 
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 "Sierra Nevada Hopes Dream Chaser Finds "Sweet Spot" of ISS Cargo Competition". SpaceNews. http://spacenews.com/sierra-nevada-hopes-dream-chaser-finds-sweet-spot-of-iss-cargo-competition. Retrieved 20 February 2016. 
  15. ↑ "Commercial Human Spaceflight Plan Unveiled". Aviation Week. July 20, 2010. http://www.aviationweek.com/aw/generic/story.jsp?id=news/asd/2010/07/20/14.xml&channel=space. 
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 Burghardt, Mike (August 2011). "Boeing CST-100: Commercial Crew Transportation System". Boeing. http://www.boeing.com/assets/pdf/defense-space/space/ccts/docs/CCDev2 Boeing CST-100 Overview.pdf. 
  17. ↑ "Dream Chaser Model Drops in at NASA Dryden" (Press release). Dryden Flight Research Center: NASA. 2010-12-17. Archived from the original on 2014-01-06. Retrieved 2012-08-29.
  18. ↑ Chang, Kenneth (2011-02-01). "Businesses Take Flight, With Help From NASA". New York Times: p. D1. https://www.nytimes.com/2011/02/01/science/space/01private.html?_r=4&ref=science&pagewanted=all. 
  19. ↑ Wade, Mark (2014). "Dream Chaser". Encyclopedia Astronautix. http://www.astronautix.com/craft/drehaser.htm. 
  20. ↑ Sirangelo, Mark (August 2011). "NewSpace 2011: Sierra Nevada Corporation". Spacevidcast. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D7sWtEAddkM. Sirangelo, Mark (24 August 2014). "Flight Plans and Crews for Commercial Dream Chaser's First Flights: One-on-One Interview With SNC VP Mark Sirangelo (Part 3)". AmericaSpace. http://www.americaspace.com/?p=66192. 
  21. ↑ Foust, Jeff (2022-06-14). "Sierra Space to start astronaut training program" (in en-US). https://spacenews.com/sierra-space-to-start-astronaut-training-program/. 
  22. ↑ "Falcon 9". SpaceX. http://www.spacex.com/falcon9. 
  23. ↑ "SpaceX Brochure – 2008". http://www.spacex.com/SpaceX_Brochure_V7_All.pdf. 
  24. ↑ 24.0 24.1 24.2 24.3 "Making Life Multiplanetary". SpaceX. 2017-10-18. http://www.spacex.com/sites/spacex/files/making_life_multiplanetary-2017.pdf. 
  25. ↑ "SpacePlane Project｜Business｜PD Aerospace Co., Ltd.". https://www.pdas.co.jp/en/business01.html. 
  26. ↑ "Spaceplane Project｜PD Aerospace Co., Ltd.". https://www.pdas.co.jp/en/dev_plan.html. 
  27. ↑ "ABL Payload User's Guide". https://ablspacesystems.com/site/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/ABL-Payload-Users-Guide-2022-1.pdf. 
  28. ↑ Haas2b specifications ARCA
  29. ↑ Haas2c specifications ARCA
  30. ↑ Super haas Specifications ARCA
  31. ↑ 31.0 31.1 Popescu, Dimitru (2022-07-18). "Arca Space : AMi Exploration White Paper". https://www.amiexploration.com/_files/ugd/b4b6cb_0e96270b6f1f4828ba51284ca4e15860.pdf. 
  32. ↑ "AUSROC Nano | Australian Space Research Institute". 18 July 2016. http://asri.org.au/project/ausroc-nano/. 
  33. ↑ "Sky7 spots stealthy space startup Testing its rocket in Alameda". 16 February 2018. http://abc7news.com/3097474/. 
  34. ↑ "Astra Space preparing for suborbital test launch". SpaceNews. http://spacenews.com/astra-space-preparing-for-suborbital-test-launch/. 
  35. ↑ "Super Cali upstart's new rocket test approaches, even though the size of it won't launch a Tesla motor". The Register. https://www.theregister.co.uk/2018/04/04/astra_space_inc_launch/. 
  36. ↑ December 2018, Jeff Foust 07 (7 December 2018). "Secretive Astra Space Suborbital Launch Fails". https://www.space.com/42657-astra-space-suborbital-launch-fails-november-2018.html. 
  37. ↑ "A Closer Look at Astra Space". Parabolic Arc. http://www.parabolicarc.com/2018/03/26/ventionsastra-space/. 
  38. ↑ "Astra to fly upgraded rocket on next launch" (in en-US). 2021-08-13. https://spacenews.com/astra-to-fly-upgraded-rocket-on-next-launch/. 
  39. ↑ "Astra CEO Chris Kemp previews Rocket 4.0, daily launches, and a smarter planet - Page 2 of 2" (in en-US). 2021-06-12. https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2021/06/astra-ceo-chris-kemp-previews-rocket-4-0-daily-launches-and-a-smarter-planet/. 
  40. ↑ 40.0 40.1 "Astra announces second quarter 2022 financial results". 2022-08-04. https://investor.astra.com/news-releases/news-release-details/astra-announces-second-quarter-2022-financial-results. 
  41. ↑ "SALVO Cubesat Rocket Debuts Stealth Launch Vehicle Era". 16 June 2015. http://www.americaspace.com/2015/06/16/salvo-cubesat-rocket-debuts-stealth-launch-vehicle-era/. 
  42. ↑ "Ventions, LLC to launch liquid-fueled rocket from Wallops this week". NewSpace Watch. 2012-11-05. http://www.newspacewatch.com/articles/ventions-llc-to-launch-liquid-fueled-rocket-from-wallops-this-week.html. 
  43. ↑ Pike, John. "Airborne Launch Assist Space Access (ALASA)". https://www.globalsecurity.org/space/systems/alasa.htm. 
  44. ↑ "Blue Origin Announces Big 'New Glenn' Rocket for Satellite & Crew Launches". Space.com. http://www.space.com/34034-blue-origin-new-glenn-rocket-for-satellites-people.html. 
  45. ↑ Henry, Caleb (12 September 2017). "Blue Origin enlarges New Glenn's payload fairing, preparing to debut upgraded New Shepard". SpaceNews. http://spacenews.com/blue-origin-enlarges-new-glenns-payload-fairing-preparing-to-debut-upgraded-new-shepard/. 
  46. ↑ "New Glenn's progress towards maiden flight" (in en). https://www.blueorigin.com/news/new-glenns-progress-towards-maiden-flight. 
  47. ↑ "Borneo SubOrbitals" (in en). https://www.facebook.com/suborbitals/photos/a.1208165282682470/1226154294216902/?type=3. 
  48. ↑ Assiqin, Naziatul (2019-05-29). "Parties sign MoU on educational hybrid rocket" (in en-GB). https://startupborneo.my/parties-sign-mou-on-educational-hybrid-rocket/. 
  49. ↑ "Sarawak dijangka saksi pelancaran roket hibrid dalam masa tiga tahun - Utusan Borneo (The Borneo Post) through PressReader.com". https://www.pressreader.com/malaysia/utusan-borneo-sarawak/20190315/281595241856032. 
  50. ↑ "Canadian Arrow". http://www.astronautix.com/c/canadianarrow.html. 
  51. ↑ "Rapidly Deployable VLEO Cubesat Network for Position, Navigation, and Timing (PNT)". https://www.sbir.gov/node/2171161. 
  52. ↑ "CubeCab To Launch Satellites Via Starfighter". 23 February 2017. https://www.planeandpilotmag.com/article/cubecab-launch-satellites-via-starfighter/. 
  53. ↑ "Edison Effect | Aerospace". 23 February 2016. https://www.edisoneffect.tech/portfolio/aerospace-4/. 
  54. ↑ Vázquez, Nelly Acosta (17 May 2017). "Datiotec, los mexicanos que van en busca del espacio perdido". https://www.huffingtonpost.com.mx/2017/05/17/datiotec-los-mexicanos-que-van-en-busca-del-espacio-perdido_a_22095650/. 
  55. ↑ Messier, Doug (2023-04-25). "Evolution Space Launches Rocket on Suborbital Flight From Mojave Desert" (in en-US). https://parabolicarc.com/2023/04/25/suborbital-launches/. 
  56. ↑ Foust, Jeff (2023-05-23). "The Spaceport Company demonstrates offshore launch operations" (in en-US). https://spacenews.com/the-spaceport-company-demonstrates-offshore-launch-operations/. 
  57. ↑ Foust, Jeff (23 March 2018). "Exos Aerospace prepares for first suborbital launch". Space New. http://spacenews.com/exos-aerospace-prepares-for-first-suborbital-launch/. 
  58. ↑ "Stig-B / SARGE". http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/stig-b.htm. 
  59. ↑ "Exela Space Industries" (in en). https://www.exela.space/home. 
  60. ↑ "Space Access" (in en). https://www.equatorialspace.com/launchers. 
  61. ↑ "Suborbital" (in en). https://www.equatorialspace.com/dorado. 
  62. ↑ "Suborbital" (in en). https://www.spacetechasia.com/singapores-equatorial-space-systems-concludes-first-test-flight/. 
  63. ↑ Clark, Stephen. "Firefly says early engine shutdown led to launch failure – Spaceflight Now" (in en-US). https://spaceflightnow.com/2021/09/09/firefly-says-early-engine-shutdown-led-to-launch-failure/. 
  64. ↑ 64.0 64.1 "MLV" (in en-US). https://firefly.com/beta/. 
  65. ↑ General Astronautics Urania 2001-02-01
  66. ↑ "Firefly Space Systems Adds General Astronautics as Strategic Partner – Parabolic Arc". http://www.parabolicarc.com/2014/08/06/firefly-space-systems-adds-generation-astronautics-strategic-partner/. 
  67. ↑ 67.0 67.1 "Gilmour Space Tech - Small Launch Vehicles - Australia, Singapore". https://www.gspacetech.com/launch-vehicles. 
  68. ↑ Tyler, Roxy (29 June 2018). "First-of-its-kind hypersonic flight booster tested at Cecil...". https://www.news4jax.com/news/local/jacksonville/first-of-its-kind-hypersonic-flight-booster-tested-at-cecil-spaceport. 
  69. ↑ "X-60A". https://generationorbit.com/x-60a/. 
  70. ↑ "Launch Services". http://www.independence-x.com/launch-services.html. 
  71. ↑ "About Us". http://www.independence-x.com/about-us.html. 
  72. ↑ 72.0 72.1 72.2 Interorbital Systems Neptune Interorbital Systems
  73. ↑ 73.0 73.1 "Neptune". http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/neptune.htm. 
  74. ↑ "Japanese company preparing for country's first private rocket launch". 26 July 2017. https://arstechnica.com/science/2017/07/japanese-company-preparing-for-countrys-first-private-rocket-launch/. 
  75. ↑ Krishna, Swapna (31 July 2017). "Japan's first private rocket launch is a partial success". engadget.com. https://www.engadget.com/2017/07/31/japan-momo-rocket-launch/. 
  76. ↑ 76.0 76.1 Messier, Doug (2022-08-09). "German Launch Providers Isar Aerospace and RFA Eye Maiden Launches in 2023" (in en-US). http://www.parabolicarc.com/2022/08/09/german-launch-providers-isar-aerospace-and-rfa-eye-maiden-launches-in-2023/. 
  77. ↑ Foust, Jeff. "Vast Acquires Launcher to Support Space Station Development". https://spacenews.com/vast-acquires-launcher-to-support-space-station-development/. 
  78. ↑ "Leaf Space Primo". https://leaf.space/primo. 
  79. ↑ "Leaf Space Building 20 Ground Station Network for SmallSat Market - Via Satellite -". 16 December 2015. https://www.satellitetoday.com/innovation/2015/12/16/leaf-space-building-20-ground-station-network-for-smallsat-market/. 
  80. ↑ "Pioneers of Private Astronautics in Russia: Lin Industrial — The Dialogue" (in en-GB). The Dialogue. 2016-04-05. http://www.the-dialogue.com/en/en27-pioneers-of-private-astronautics-in-russia-lin-industrial/. 
  81. ↑ "Лин Индастриал - Сверхлегкая ракета "Таймыр"". http://spacelin.ru/proekty/sverkhlegkaya-raketa-taymyr/. 
  82. ↑ "X-33/VentureStar – What really happened - NASASpaceFlight.com". 4 January 2006. http://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2006/01/x-33venturestar-what-really-happened/. 
  83. ↑ 83.0 83.1 83.2 "Mishaal Aerospace". http://www.mishaalaerospace.com/launch-vehicles. 
  84. ↑ 84.0 84.1 84.2 "MISHAAL Aerospace Receives Letter of Intent for Launch – Parabolic Arc". http://www.parabolicarc.com/2014/10/23/mishaal-aerospace/. 
  85. ↑ "Mishaal Aerospace M-SV Suborbital Vehicle". Mishaal Aerospace. https://www.mishaalaerospace.com/suborbital-vehicle. 
  86. ↑ "Mishaal Aerospace". http://www.mishaalaerospace.com/orbital-vehicle. 
  87. ↑ "Mishaal Aerospace". http://www.mishaalaerospace.com/lunar-vehicle. 
  88. ↑ China's private space sector has achieved liftoff. Michelle Toh and Serenitie Wang, CNN News. 17 May 2018.
  89. ↑ "OS-M系列". http://www.onespacechina.com/os-m1/. 
  90. ↑ "OS-M2 - OneSpace 零壹空间". http://www.onespacechina.com/os-m2/. 
  91. ↑ "OS-M4 - OneSpace 零壹空间". http://www.onespacechina.com/os-m4/. 
  92. ↑ "Orbex stakes claim to European smallsat launch market". July 18, 2018. https://spacenews.com/orbex-stakes-claim-to-european-smallsat-launch-market/. 
  93. ↑ "Outerstellar Space" (in en). https://discord.gg/RXejtFbjaB. 
  94. ↑ "Orbital ATK". http://www.orbital.com/NewsInfo/release.asp?prid=852. 
  95. ↑ "Taurus". archive.org. 22 Nov 2013. http://www.orbital.com/SpaceLaunch/Taurus/. 
  96. ↑ Clark, Stephen (24 February 2014). "Taurus rocket on the market with new name, upgrades". Spaceflight Now. http://spaceflightnow.com/news/n1402/24minotaurc/. 
  97. ↑ "Minotaur C". orbital.com. http://www.orbital.com/LaunchSystems/SpaceLaunchVehicles/Minotaur/Minotaur_C/. 
  98. ↑ "Northrop Grumman to terminate OmegA rocket program" (in en-US). 2020-09-09. https://spacenews.com/northrop-grumman-to-terminate-omega-rocket-program/. 
  99. ↑ "OTRAG". http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/otrag.htm. 
  100. ↑ "South Korean rocket startup to launch from South Australia". September 30, 2019. http://theleadsouthaustralia.com.au/industries/space/south-korean-rocket-startup-to-launch-from-south-australia/. 
  101. ↑ "Backed by Samsung, South Korean startup Perigee aims for 2020 maiden launch". October 23, 2019. https://spacenews.com/backed-by-samsung-south-korean-startup-perigee-aims-for-2020-maiden-launch/. 
  102. ↑ Giménez, Jorge (March 16, 2015). "PLD Space fabricará los primeros motores de combustible líquido de España" (in es). Defensa Global y Avances en el Desarrollo Argentino. 
  103. ↑ "PLD Space". http://www.pldspace.com/. 
  104. ↑ "PLD Space raises additional $10 million for reusable smallsat launchers - SpaceNews.com". 11 June 2018. http://spacenews.com/pld-space-raises-additional-10-million-for-reusable-smallsat-launchers/. 
  105. ↑ 105.0 105.1 "Spanish startup PLD Space gears up for 2022 suborbital launch" (in en-US). 2021-11-24. https://spacenews.com/spanish-startup-pld-space-gears-up-for-2022-suborbital-launch/. 
  106. ↑ Limón, Raúl (2023-10-06). "El 'Miura 1' despega con éxito desde Huelva y mete a España en el exclusivo club de países con acceso al espacio" (in es). https://elpais.com/ciencia/2023-10-06/lanzamiento-del-miura-1.html. 
  107. ↑ "Relativity Space" (in en-US). https://www.relativityspace.com/rockets. 
  108. ↑ "Intrepid-1 – Rocket Crafters Inc.". http://rocketcrafters.space/products-services/intrepid-launcher-family/intrepid-1/. 
  109. ↑ "3D Printing Industry-The Authority on 3D Printing & Additive Manufacturing". https://3dprintingindustry.com/. 
  110. ↑ "NZ's first space launch saved by $6 replacement part". The New Zealand Herald. 30 November 2009. http://www.nzherald.co.nz/space/news/article.cfm?c_id=325&objectid=10612593. 
  111. ↑ "Ātea-1, Rocket Lab : New Zealand Rocket". http://www.rocketlab.co.nz/atea-1.html/. 
  112. ↑ "Ātea-2, Rocket Lab : New Zealand Rocket". http://www.rocketlab.co.nz:80/atea-2.html/. 
  113. ↑ "Electron • Rocket Lab". http://www.rocketlabusa.com/index.html. 
  114. ↑ "Neutron" (in en). https://www.rocketlabusa.com/launch/neutron/. 
  115. ↑ Grush, Loren (2021-12-02). "Rocket Lab unveils details of new reusable Neutron launcher" (in en). https://www.theverge.com/2021/12/2/22813819/rocket-lab-neutron-launch-satellite-reusable-mega-constellations. 
  116. ↑ Wenz, John (November 19, 2015). "RocketStar Wants To Make Going To Space a One-Step Process". https://www.popularmechanics.com/space/a18245/rocketstar-space-single-stage-to-orbit/. 
  117. ↑ "Rocket Factory Augsburg secures launch site in Andøya, Norway.". 28 April 2021. https://www.rfa.space/rocket-factory-augsburg-secures-launch-site-in-andoya-norway/. 
  118. ↑ "German Microlauncher start-up Rocket Factory announces unrivalled low price of EUR 3 million per rocket launch". 12 February 2021. https://www.rfa.space/german-microlauncher-start-up-rocket-factory-announces-unrivalled-low-price-of-eur-3-million-per-rocket-launch/. 
  119. ↑ www.ndtv.com. ""New Dawn": Launch Of India's First Private Rocket, Vikram-S, Successful" (in en). NDTV. https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/indias-first-privately-built-rocket-vikram-s-carrying-three-payloads-lifts-off-from-sriharikota-3531739. 
  120. ↑ "Space technologies - Skyrora - SKYRORA 1". https://www.skyrora.com/skyrora1. 
  121. ↑ Speed, Richard (22 August 2019). "Brit rocketeer Skyrora reckons it'll be orbital in 3 years – that is, if UK government plays ball". The Register. https://www.theregister.co.uk/2019/08/22/skyrora/. 
  122. ↑ "UK-Ukrainian launch vehicle developer Skyrora to establish smallsat launch site - SpaceNews.com". 1 February 2018. http://spacenews.com/uk-ukrainian-launch-vehicle-developer-skyrora-to-establish-smallsat-launch-site. 
  123. ↑ O'Callaghan, Jonathan. "Skyrora Rocket Launch From Iceland Reaches Three Times The Height Of Mount Everest" (in en). https://www.forbes.com/sites/jonathanocallaghan/2020/08/18/skyrora-reaches-three-times-the-height-of-mount-everest-with-rocket-launch-from-iceland/. 
  124. ↑ "Skylark L Rocket | Skyrora". https://www.skyrora.com/skylark-l. 
  125. ↑ "British rocket firm Skyrora gets ready for debut rocket launch from Scotland in 2023-Xinhua". 2022-08-29. https://english.news.cn/20220829/477202ef5ea342648c4203ff27bedb55/c.html. 
  126. ↑ "Space technologies - Skyrora - Skyrora XL". https://www.skyrora.com/skyroraxl. 
  127. ↑ "Skyrora announces new engine test plant in Scotland". Industry Analysis. 18 October 2019. http://theindustryanalysis.com/2019/10/18/skyrora-announces-new-engine-test-plant-in-scotland/. 
  128. ↑ "UK-Ukrainian satellite launch vehicle developer Skyrora to test its first rocket in 2018 -". 8 February 2018. http://euromaidanpress.com/2018/02/08/uk-ukrainian-satellite-launch-vehicle-developer-skyrora-test-first-rocket-2018/. 
  129. ↑ Berger, Eric (2022-08-19). "Rocket Report: Europe wants a super-heavy lifter, Starship nets launch contract" (in en-us). https://arstechnica.com/science/2022/08/rocket-report-europe-wants-a-super-heavy-lifter-starship-nets-launch-contract/. 
  130. ↑ 130.0 130.1 Gdynia 81-451, Al Zwyciestwa 96/98. "SIR – Suborbital Inexpensive Rocket Project". https://spaceforest.pl/sir-suborbital-inexpensive-rocket/. 
  131. ↑ Gdynia 81-451, Al Zwyciestwa 96/98. "Testing experiments on research rockets". https://spaceforest.pl/testing-experiments-research-rockets/. 
  132. ↑ "SpaceForest - Rocket engine, diagram, design, tests". https://spaceforest.pl/rocket-engines. 
  133. ↑ Gdynia 81-451, Al Zwyciestwa 96/98. "Demonstrator rocket". https://spaceforest.pl/demonstrator-rocket/. 
  134. ↑ "Perun demonstrator". YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UY31E_9kO1M. 
  135. ↑ "Perun" (in en). SpaceForest. https://spaceforest.pl/perun/. 
  136. ↑ "SpaceForest receives financing for the SIR rocket" (in en-GB). Kosmonauta.net. 2018-01-07. https://kosmonauta.net/2018/01/spaceforest-receives-financing-for-the-sir-rocket/. 
  137. ↑ 137.0 137.1 137.2 "TSE - Conestoga". http://www.tbs-satellite.com/tse/online/lanc_conestoga.html. 
  138. ↑ "SpaceLS – Space Launch Services – Low cost space launch services". http://www.spacels.com/. 
  139. ↑ "SpaceLS develops commercial rocket to launch small satellites - The Engineer The Engineer". September 2015. http://www.theengineer.co.uk/aerospace/news/spacels-develops-commercial-rocket-to-launch-small-satellites/1021111.article. 
  140. ↑ 140.0 140.1 Jones, Andrew (27 July 2021). "Chinese rocket company Space Pioneer secures major funding ahead of first launch". SpaceNews. https://spacenews.com/chinese-rocket-company-space-pioneer-secures-major-funding-ahead-of-first-launch/. 
  141. ↑ 141.0 141.1 "Space Exploration Technologies Corporation – Falcon 1". Archived from the original on January 3, 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20110103230037/http://www.spacex.com/falcon1.php. 
  142. ↑ "Space Exploration Technologies Corporation – Press". Archived from the original on March 26, 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20130326183411/http://www.spacex.com/press.php?page=18. 
  143. ↑ 143.0 143.1 143.2 143.3 spacexcmsadmin (15 November 2012). "Falcon 9". http://www.spacex.com/falcon9. 
  144. ↑ 144.0 144.1 "Space Exploration Technologies Corporation - Falcon 9". http://www.spacex.com/falcon9. 
  145. ↑ "Space Exploration Technologies Corporation – Falcon 9". Archived from the original on January 18, 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20120118103620/http://www.spacex.com/falcon9.php. 
  146. ↑ Musk, Elon (21 January 2017). "Yes. Block 5 is the final upgrade of the Falcon architecture. Significantly improves performance & ease of reusability. Flies end of year.". https://twitter.com/elonmusk/status/822985910782283776. 
  147. ↑ 147.0 147.1 147.2 spacexcmsadmin (15 November 2012). "Falcon Heavy". http://www.spacex.com/falcon-heavy. 
  148. ↑ "Falcon Heavy enabler for Dragon solar system explorer - NASASpaceFlight.com". 2015-05-11. http://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2015/05/falcon-heavy-dragon-solar-system-explorer/. 
  149. ↑ Berger, Eric (10 October 2022). "Stoke Space aims to build rapidly reusable rocket with a completely novel design". https://arstechnica.com/science/2022/10/stoke-space-aims-to-build-rapidly-reusable-rocket-with-a-completely-novel-design/. 
  150. ↑ Kurasheva, A. (2021-12-24). "Российская космическая компания Success Rockets совершила первый суборбитальный запуск" (in ru). https://incrussia.ru/news/success-rockets-zapusk/. 
  151. ↑ "Кто зарабатывает на космосе в России и мире" (in ru). RBC Trends. 2021-05-17. https://trends.rbc.ru/trends/industry/609e90409a794700dab35d24. 
  152. ↑ "Space Launch Report: Atlas 5 Data Sheet". 1 Mar 2022. http://www.spacelaunchreport.com/atlas5.html. 
  153. ↑ 153.0 153.1 153.2 "Space Launch Report: Delta II Data Sheet". 20 Oct 2018. http://www.spacelaunchreport.com/delta2.html. 
  154. ↑ "Space Launch Report: Delta IV Data Sheet". 26 Apr 2021. http://www.spacelaunchreport.com/delta4.html. 
  155. ↑ "Delta IV Heavy – Rockets". http://spaceflight101.com/spacerockets/delta-iv-heavy/. 
  156. ↑ Belam, Martin (2024-01-08). "Nasa Peregrine 1 launch: Vulcan Centaur rocket carrying Nasa moon lander lifts off in Florida – live updates" (in en-GB). the Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. https://www.theguardian.com/science/live/2024/jan/08/nasa-peregrine-1-launch-rocket-moon-latest-news-updates-live. 
  157. ↑ Ray, Justin. "ULA unveils its future with the Vulcan rocket family – Spaceflight Now". https://spaceflightnow.com/2015/04/13/ula-unveils-its-future-with-the-vulcan-rocket-family/. 
  158. ↑ "Virgin Orbit plans 2018 first launch". 2 August 2017. http://spacenews.com/virgin-orbit-plans-2018-first-launch/. 
  159. ↑ Writer, Kevin Robinson-Avila / Journal Staff (2022-07-26). "New rocket motor company conducts first NM launch" (in en). https://www.abqjournal.com/news/local/new-rocket-motor-company-conducts-first-nm-launch/article_3e4eea1e-e1f2-5d58-b84a-f2d69ee95afe.html. 
  160. ↑ Biesecker, Cal (2022-08-11). "New Solid Rocket Motor Entrant, X-Bow, Expects To Be On First Programs Within A Year" (in en-US). https://www.defensedaily.com/new-solid-rocket-motor-entrant-x-bow-expects-to-be-on-first-programs-within-a-year/business-financial/. 
  161. ↑ Reyes, Tim (October 17, 2014). "Balloon launcher Zero2Infinity Sets Its Sights to the Stars". Universe Today. http://www.universetoday.com/115391/balloon-launcher-zero2infinity-sets-its-sights-to-the-stars/. Retrieved 9 July 2015. 
  162. ↑ "Google Lunar XPrize". http://www.googlelunarxprize.org/lunar/teams/arca/about. 
  163. ↑ Astrobotic reveals moon mission plans msnbc.msn.com
  164. ↑ 164.0 164.1 164.2 "About Lunar CATALYST". NASA. http://www.nasa.gov/lunarcatalyst/#.U_2Qe6MXPz0. 
  165. ↑ Belam, Martin (2024-01-08). "Nasa Peregrine 1 launch: Vulcan Centaur rocket carrying Nasa moon lander lifts off in Florida – live updates" (in en-GB). the Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. https://www.theguardian.com/science/live/2024/jan/08/nasa-peregrine-1-launch-rocket-moon-latest-news-updates-live. 
  166. ↑ "Peregrine Lander | Astrobotic". https://www.astrobotic.com/peregrine. 
  167. ↑ "Google Lunar XPrize". http://www.googlelunarxprize.org/lunar/teams/euroluna. 
  168. ↑ Lindsey, Clark (2013-01-03). "Golden Spike contracts Northrop Grumman for lunar lander design". NewSpace Watch. http://www.newspacewatch.com/articles/golden-spike-contracts-northrop-grumman-for-lunar-lander-design.html. 
  169. ↑ "Hakuto - Google Lunar XPrize". http://lunar.xprize.org/teams/hakuto. 
  170. ↑ "Hakuto - 日本発の月面探査チーム on Twitter". https://twitter.com/Team_HAKUTO/status/833995538483736576. 
  171. ↑ "History". ispace technologies, inc.. July 20, 2015. http://team-hakuto.jp/en/history/. 
  172. ↑ "Google Lunar XPrize". http://www.googlelunarxprize.org/lunar/teams/independence-x. 
  173. ↑ "Lunar Missions_1". http://www.interorbital.com/interorbital_06222015_013.htm. 
  174. ↑ Universal Reentry Vehicle . Intuitive Machines. Accessed on 1 December 2018.
  175. ↑ Houston company among 9 tapped to build moon landers. Alex Stuckey, The Houston Chronicle. 30 November 2018.
  176. ↑ "Lunar Mission One: A New Lunar Mission for Everyone". British Interplanetary Society. 19 November 2014. http://www.bis-space.com/2014/11/19/13918/new-exploratory-lunar-mission-announced. 
  177. ↑ "XL-1". http://masten.aero/vehicles-2/xl1t/. 
  178. ↑ Herridge, Linda (3 March 2015). "Moon Express Testing Compact Lunar Lander at Kennedy Space Center". https://www.nasa.gov/content/moon-express-Testing-compact-lunar-lander-at-kennedy-space-center. 
  179. ↑ "Google Lunar XPrize". http://www.googlelunarxprize.org/lunar/teams/odyssey-moon. 
  180. ↑ "Google Lunar XPrize". http://www.googlelunarxprize.org/lunar/teams/omega-envoy. 
  181. ↑ OrbitBeyond Teams with Team Indus, Honeybee Robotics for NASA Lunar Program. Doug Messier, Parabolic Arc. 29 November 2018.
  182. ↑ OrbitBeyond, Inc. Press Release . 12 November 2018.
  183. ↑ "Lunar Rover". PTS. https://www.pts.space/products/audi-lunar-quattro/. 
  184. ↑ "ALINA". PTS. https://www.pts.space/products/alina/. 
  185. ↑ "Team Puli - Google Lunar XPrize". http://www.googlelunarxprize.org/teams/team-puli. 
  186. ↑ "Russia's first lunar mission in decades crashes into the moon". August 21, 2023. https://www.cnn.com/2023/08/20/world/luna-25-spacecraft-moon-collision-intl/index.html. 
  187. ↑ "Google Lunar XPrize". http://www.googlelunarxprize.org/lunar/teams/frednet/about. 
  188. ↑ "Google Lunar XPrize". http://www.googlelunarxprize.org/lunar/teams/team-italia. 
  189. ↑ [1] BBC News: Moon opens for business
  190. ↑ "Spacebit — The New Economics of Space". https://spacebit.com/. 
  191. ↑ "Spacebit books a second trip to the moon via NASA's commercial lunar payload program". 6 October 2020. https://techcrunch.com/2020/10/06/spacebit-books-a-second-trip-to-the-moon-via-nasas-commercial-lunar-payload-program/. 
  192. ↑ "Google Lunar XPrize". http://www.googlelunarxprize.org/lunar/teams/stellar. 
  193. ↑ "Google Lunar XPrize". http://www.googlelunarxprize.org/lunar/teams/synergy-moon. 
  194. ↑ Chinese space firm launches and lands small test rocket, SpaceNews, 2 August 2021.
  195. ↑ Messier, Doug (2023-04-25). "Evolution Space Launches Rocket on Suborbital Flight From Mojave Desert" (in en-US). https://parabolicarc.com/2023/04/25/suborbital-launches/. 
  196. ↑ Advantages of using White Fuming Nitric Acid (WFNA) as an oXidizer in rockets [lunarlander.spaceracenews.com]
  197. ↑ Jones, Andrew (23 April 2020). "Chinese space resource utilization firm Origin Space signs deal for space telescope". SpaceNews. https://spacenews.com/chinese-space-resource-utilization-firm-origin-space-signs-deal-for-space-telescope/. 
  198. ↑ Klotz, Irene (2011-09-27). "A rocket that lifts off — and lands — on launch pad". MSNBC. http://satellite.tmcnet.com/topics/satellite/articles/222324-spacex-plans-test-reusable-suborbital-vtvl-rocket-texas.htm. 
  199. ↑ Rhian, Jason (2014-08-22). "SpaceX F9R explodes in the skies above Texas in recent test flight". http://www.spaceflightinsider.com/space-flight-news/spacex-f9r-explodes-recent-test/. 
  200. ↑ Private rocket launches ashes of Star Trek's Scotty, astronaut to suborbital space [www.space.com]
  201. ↑ "World View- Research and Education Mission". http://worldviewexperience.com/fly-your-payload/. 
  202. ↑ "World View's 'Stratollite' Balloon Stays Aloft for Record 32 Days" (in en). 2019-10-01. https://www.space.com/world-view-stratollite-balloon-flight-record.html. 
  203. ↑ López-Urdiales, José Mariano (March 12, 2014). NEAr-Space high-altitude balloons: the alternative for space tourism and science (Report). European Space Astronomy Centre, Madrid (Spain). http://www.sciops.esa.int/SD/ESACFACULTY/docs/seminars/120314_LopezUrdiales.pdf. Retrieved 9 July 2015. 
  204. ↑ "TILE". http://www.accion-systems.com/tile/. 
  205. ↑ "Smallsats need small propulsion. Boston startup Accion has a few big ideas. - SpaceNews.com". 8 August 2017. http://spacenews.com/smallsats-need-small-propulsion-boston-startup-accion-has-a-few-big-ideas/. 
  206. ↑ Fast and Robust Human Missions to Mars with Advanced Nuclear Electric Power and VASIMR® Propulsion 2013
  207. ↑ Chadenedes, Mark de; Ahern, Drew; Cho, Jin-Hoon; Park, Sung-Jin; Eden, J.; Burton, Rodney; Yoon, Je Kwon; Garrett, Stephen et al.. 46th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. doi:10.2514/6.2010-6616. 
  208. ↑ 208.0 208.1 "CU Aerospace - Small-Satellite Propulsion Unit for CubeSats (PUC)". http://www.cuaerospace.com/technology-products/compact-small-satellite-propulsion-unit-cubesats. 
  209. ↑ "NASA Selects Green Propulsion Projects for SBIR Phase II Awards – Parabolic Arc". 11 March 2014. http://www.parabolicarc.com/2014/03/11/nasa-selects-green-propulsion-projects-sbir-phase-ii-awards/. 
  210. ↑ Laystrom, Julia; Burton, Rodney; Benavides, Gabriel (2003). "Geometric Optimization of a Coaxial Pulsed Plasma Thruster". 39th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. doi:10.2514/6.2003-5025. ISBN 978-1-62410-098-7. 
  211. ↑ "NASA TechPort". https://techport.nasa.gov/view/93485. 
  212. ↑ "ExoTerra banks $1.5 million for solar electric propulsion". October 30, 2018. https://spacenews.com/exoterra-investment/. 
  213. ↑ "The SABRE Engine". http://www.reactionengines.co.uk/sabre.html. 
  214. ↑ "Neutron" (in en). https://www.rocketlabusa.com/launch/neutron/. 
  215. ↑ "VORTEX® Upper Stage Engine Achieves Critical Design Milestone". Sierra Nevada Corporation. 4 August 2022. https://www.sncorp.com/press-releases/vortex-upper-stage-engine-achieves-critical-design-milestone. 
  216. ↑ "Rocket Engines and Propulsion". Sierra Space. https://www.sierraspace.com/space-applications/rocket-engines-propulsion. 
  217. ↑ Jefferson Morris - Aerospace Daily (2003-09-23). "SpaceDev chosen to provide hybrid rocket for SpaceShipOne | AWIN content from". Aviation Week. http://aviationweek.com/awin/spacedev-chosen-provide-hybrid-rocket-spaceshipone. Retrieved 2018-07-20. 
  218. ↑ Clark, Stephen (2008-09-28). "Sweet success at last for Falcon 1 rocket". Spaceflight Now. http://www.spaceflightnow.com/falcon/004/. 
  219. ↑ 219.0 219.1 Whitesides, Loretta Hidalgo (2007-11-12). "SpaceX Completes Development of Rocket Engine for Falcon 1 and 9". Wired (Wired Science). http://blog.wired.com/wiredscience/2007/11/spacex-complete.html. Retrieved 2011-01-27. 
  220. ↑ Foust, Jeff (2017-10-21). "Air Force adds more than $40 million to SpaceX engine contract". Space News. http://spacenews.com/air-force-adds-more-than-40-million-to-spacex-engine-contract/. 
  221. ↑ "THE ENGINES". https://www.ursamajortechnologies.com/engines. 
  222. ↑ "Rocket engine startup sees opportunities in crowded launch market". 3 May 2021. https://spacenews.com/rocket-engine-startup-sees-opportunities-in-crowded-launch-market/. 
  223. ↑ "三菱重工｜株式基本情報". http://mhi.co.jp/finance/stock/status/index.html. 
  224. ↑ "US Space Force Offers Cape Canaveral Launch Pads to ABL, Stoke, Phantom, and Vaya Space". https://www.satellitetoday.com/government-military/2023/03/08/us-space-force-offers-cape-canaveral-launch-pads-to-abl-stoke-phantom-and-vaya-space/. 
  225. ↑ 225.0 225.1 "Program". http://www.shackletonenergy.com/program. 
  226. ↑ "Made In Space". http://madeinspace.us. 
  227. ↑ "Varda Space Industries". https://varda.com. 
  228. ↑ "Asteroid Mining | Deep Space Industries". https://deepspaceindustries.com/mining/. 
  229. ↑ 229.0 229.1 "Cosmic Shielding Corporation". https://cosmicshielding.com/. 
  230. ↑ "SpaceFund Invests In Cosmic Shielding Corporation – SatNews". https://news.satnews.com/2021/08/17/spacefund-invests-in-cosmic-shielding-corporation/. 
  231. ↑ "An update on our progress towards mining in space". https://www.astroforge.io/updates/2023-update. 
  232. ↑ "Xplorer - Deep Space Industries". http://deepspaceindustries.com/prospector-1/. 
  233. ↑ "Missions | Deep Space Industries". http://deepspaceindustries.com/missions/. 
  234. ↑ The Japanese Space Bots That Could Build Moon Valley. Sarah Scoles, Wired. 14 May 2018.
  235. ↑ ispace Home site. Accessed: 11 September 2018.
  236. ↑ "Scalable Robotic Spacecraft Capable Of Reaching The Moon". http://www.moonexpress.com/robotic-explorers/. 
  237. ↑ "Technology". http://www.planetaryresources.com/technology/. 
  238. ↑ "Axiom Space | Axiom Station". http://axiomspace.com/axiom-station/. 
  239. ↑ "Former NASA ISS manager planning commercial space station venture - SpaceNews.com" (in en-US). SpaceNews.com. 2016-06-23. http://spacenews.com/former-nasa-iss-manger-planning-commercial-space-station-venture/. 
  240. ↑ Kolodny, Lora (14 November 2017). "29 start-ups that prove Silicon Valley innovation isn't dead". https://www.cnbc.com/2017/11/14/silicon-valley-most-innovative-early-stage-start-ups.html. 
  241. ↑ "Genesis I Specs". Bigelow Aerospace. http://www.bigelowaerospace.com/genesis-1-specs.php. 
  242. ↑ 242.0 242.1 "We hoped to receive 6 months...". Twitter.com. Bigelow Aerospace. 9 January 2016. https://twitter.com/BigelowSpace/status/685944661446275072. 
  243. ↑ "Genesis I". Bigelow Aerospace. http://www.bigelowaerospace.com/genesis-1.php. 
  244. ↑ "Genesis 2 Specs". Bigelow Aerospace. http://www.bigelowaerospace.com/genesis-2-specs.php. 
  245. ↑ "Genesis II". Bigelow Aerospace. http://www.bigelowaerospace.com/genesis-2.php. 
  246. ↑ "Developing a Galaxy". http://www.bigelowaerospace.com/out_there/developing_a_galaxy.php. 
  247. ↑ Knapp, George (2007-08-17). "I-Team: Bigelow Aerospace Makes Giant Leap Towards Commercial Space Travel". Las Vegas Now. http://www.lasvegasnow.com/global/story.asp?s=6943443. 
  248. ↑ "Bigelow Aerospace Expediting BA 330 Development". BigelowAerospace.com. July 2011. http://www.bigelowaerospace.com. 
  249. ↑ 249.0 249.1 "Bigelow Aerospace lays off entire workforce". SpaceNews. 23 March 2020. https://spacenews.com/bigelow-aerospace-lays-off-entire-workforce/. 
  250. ↑ "The Five-Billion-Star Hotel". 18 March 2019. https://www.popsci.com/scitech/article/2005-03/five-billion-star-hotel/. 
  251. ↑ Mahoney, Erin (9 August 2016). "NextSTEP Partners Develop Deep Space Habitat Ground Prototypes". https://www.nasa.gov/feature/nextstep-partnerships-develop-ground-prototypes. 
  252. ↑ Madden, Duncan. "Mankind's First Space Hotel Is Coming In 2021 - Probably". https://www.forbes.com/sites/duncanmadden/2018/03/09/mankinds-first-space-hotel-is-coming-in-2021-probably/#26c2118a5bed. 
  253. ↑ Simberg, Rand (October 28, 2010). "Bigelow Aerospace Shows Off Bigger, Badder Space Real Estate". Popular Mechanics. http://www.popularmechanics.com/science/space/news/bigelow-aerospace-ba2100-hotel. 
  254. ↑ "Spaceflight Now - Breaking News - Beating swords into plough shares with Soviet Almaz". http://www.spaceflightnow.com/news/n0908/18almaz/. 
  255. ↑ "Excalibur Almaz to Pioneer Private Orbital Manned Space Flight In cooperation with NPOM of Russia - OnOrbit". http://www.onorbit.com/node/1395. 
  256. ↑ "Shooting for the Moon: Time is called on Isle of Man space race". March 11, 2015. https://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/shooting-moon-time-called-isle-man-space-race-10101750.html. 
  257. ↑ "Spanish venture aims to build space hotel". NBC News. 2007-08-10. https://www.nbcnews.com/id/20216344. 
  258. ↑ O'Hare, Maureen (April 6, 2018). "First luxury hotel in space announced". CNN. https://www.cnn.com/travel/article/aurora-station-luxury-space-hotel/index.html. 
  259. ↑ "Orion Span". https://www.orionspan.com/aurora-station. 
  260. ↑ "Inside Sierra Nevada's Inflatable Space Habitat for Astronauts in Lunar Orbit (Photos)". 22 August 2019. https://www.space.com/sierra-nevada-inflatable-habitat-moon-gateway.html. 
  261. ↑ "Blue Origin unveils plans to build a private space station called Orbital Reef by 2030". 25 October 2021. https://www.space.com/blue-origin-unveils-orbital-reef-private-space-station. 
  262. ↑ "Orbital Reef | Home". https://www.orbitalreef.com/. 
  263. ↑ SpaceX (2017-09-29), Making Life Multiplanetary, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tdUX3ypDVwI, retrieved 2017-10-29 
  264. ↑ "Musk unveils revised version of giant interplanetary launch system - SpaceNews.com" (in en-US). SpaceNews.com. 2017-09-29. http://spacenews.com/musk-unveils-revised-version-of-giant-interplanetary-launch-system/. 
  265. ↑ Richardson, Derek (2016-09-27). "Elon Musk Shows Off Interplanetary Transport System". Spaceflight Insider. http://www.spaceflightinsider.com/organizations/space-exploration-technologies/elon-musk-shows-off-interplanetary-transport-system/. 
  266. ↑ "Alén Space | Nanosatellites - CubeSats - Small Satellites". https://alen.space/. 
  267. ↑ "NASA – NanoRacks Platforms". http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/research/experiments/829.html. 
  268. ↑ "TESBL Aerospace Corporation - World Leader in Aerospace & Enterprise Technology Cloud Solutions". https://www.tesbl.com/index.php/en-us/. 
  269. ↑ Uesaka, Yoshifumi (June 10, 2015). "'Good enough' is best for satellite startup Axelspace". Nikkei Asian Review. http://asia.nikkei.com/Business/Trends/Good-enough-is-best-for-satellite-startup-Axelspace. 
  270. ↑ "Axelspace". Axelspace. https://www.axelspace.com/en/. 
  271. ↑ Hall, Loura (2021-03-10). "What is Starling?". http://www.nasa.gov/directorates/spacetech/small_spacecraft/starling. 
  272. ↑ "CesiumAstro raises $60 million in Series B funding round" (in en-US). 2022-03-02. https://spacenews.com/cesiumastro-raises-60-million-in-series-b-funding-round/. 
  273. ↑ "Craig Technologies – Because It's All About The Mission®". https://www.craigtechinc.com. 
  274. ↑ ISIS - General Information. Accessed: 18 October 2018.
  275. ↑ Biggs, John (2013-08-14). "Made In Space, Makers Of The Only 3D Printer In Orbit, Answer Some Pressing Questions About Manufacturing And Yoda". TechCrunch. https://techcrunch.com/2013/08/14/made-in-space-makers-of-the-only-3d-printer-in-orbit-answer-some-pressing-questions-about-manufacturing-and-yoda/. 
  276. ↑ "Home | Beyond Gravity". https://www.ruag.com/en/products-services/space. 
  277. ↑ Boyle, Alan (30 January 2020). "Xplore partners with Nanoracks to set up opportunities for deep-space missions". Yahoo Finance. https://finance.yahoo.com/news/xplore-partners-nanoracks-set-opportunities-025438112.html. 
  278. ↑ Foust, Jeff (5 March 2020). "Axiom to fly Crew Dragon mission to the space station". https://spacenews.com/axiom-to-fly-crew-dragon-mission-to-the-space-station/. 
  279. ↑ Foust, Jeff (2022-04-08). "SpaceX launches commercial mission to ISS" (in en-US). https://spacenews.com/spacex-launches-commercial-mission-to-iss/. 
  280. ↑ "Jim Benson, RIP « NewSpace Journal". http://www.newspacejournal.com/2008/10/10/jim-benson-rip/. 
  281. ↑ "Japanese billionaire, Russian actress to fly to ISS" (in en-US). 2021-05-13. https://spacenews.com/japanese-billionaire-russian-actress-to-fly-to-iss/. 

External links

  • CubeSat Database & Nanosatellites
  • NewSpace Index



Retrieved from "https://handwiki.org/wiki/index.php?title=Astronomy:List_of_private_spaceflight_companies&oldid=3349222"

Categories: [Private spaceflight] [Private spaceflight companies] [Spaceflight timelines] [Space lists]

↧ Download as ZWI file | Last modified: 07/22/2024 01:13:56 | 15 views
☰ Source: https://handwiki.org/wiki/Astronomy:List_of_private_spaceflight_companies | License: CC BY-SA 3.0

✘
ZWI is not signed. [what is this?]

ZWI viewer by the EncyclosphereKSF